MAPPING THE AVAILABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF MOSQUE WORSHIP FACILITIES USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MANADO CITY

Abstract

Population growth and spatial planning dynamics in Manado City require the provision of inclusive and equitable social infrastructure, including mosque worship facilities. Given the demographic characteristics of Manado City, where Muslim communities are distributed across various areas alongside the expansion of residential settlements, the availability and spatial distribution of mosques need to be systematically mapped to prevent spatial inequity and ensure compliance with urban spatial planning standards. This study aims to identify the level of availability of mosque worship facilities in Manado City based on established demand standards and to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of mosque worship facilities in the city. This study employs a quantitative approach using Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial analysis. Data were collected through field observations to record the geographic coordinates and existing conditions of mosques, complemented by secondary data on population and administrative boundaries. The availability analysis was conducted descriptively and comparatively by comparing the Muslim population and the required number of facilities with the existing number of mosques. Subsequently, the spatial distribution pattern was analyzed using the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) method. The inventory results identified a total of 199 mosques in Manado City. The availability analysis revealed variations in facility conditions, ranging from surplus and adequate to deficit across the study area. Furthermore, the ANN analysis produced a Nearest Neighbor Ratio of 0.95, a Z-score of −1.30, and a p-value of 0.19, indicating that the spatial distribution pattern of mosques in Manado City is classified as random.