Dinamika Peradaban Islam Barat Baghdad: Kajian Historis Dinasti Idrisiyah, Aghlabiyah, Fatimiyah, Ayyubiyah dan Mamluk

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of Islamic civilization in the western regions of Baghdad through a historical analysis of the Idrisid, Aghlabid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk dynasties, which constituted important foundations for the development of Islam in the Maghrib and Egypt. Each dynasty exhibited distinct leadership patterns and political orientations; however, collectively they played a significant role in expanding the intellectual horizon, cultural expressions, and governance systems of Islam beyond the Abbasid center of power. The Idrisid dynasty marked the early Islamization of North Africa with a strong local character; the Aghlabids became a driving force in architectural and military advancement in Ifriqiya; the Fatimids promoted Ismaili intellectualism and established centers of learning in Cairo; the Ayyubids presented a synthesis of military strength and religious spirit; while the Mamluks consolidated political and scholarly legacies, becoming a crucial bastion of classical Islam. Through a historical-sociological approach, this research argues that the political and intellectual dynamics in the western regions of Baghdad were not merely reflections of imperial expansion, but also processes of civilizational dialogue between Islam and local cultures. The findings indicate that the development of Islamic civilization in this region evolved through a synergistic pattern among political authority, scholarly traditions, and social adaptability, thereby positioning it as an important epicenter in global Islamic history.