ECOLOGICAL CRISIS AND HUMAN FAILURE OF TRUST: A COMPARATIVE-SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL KALAM AND MODERN SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES ON ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS ECOLOGICAL CRISIS AND HUMAN FAILURE OF TRUST: CLASSICAL AND MODERN DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS
Keywords:
Ecological Disaster, Environmental Science, Classical Kalam, AmanahAbstract
The end of 2025 marked a period of severe ecological crisis in Aceh, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra, characterized by systemic flash floods and landslides. This study aims to bridge the empirical findings of modern environmental science with the theological perspective of classical kalam to comprehensively understand the ecological crisis as both an environmental and moral-spiritual issue. From a modern academic perspective, these disasters are the structural impacts of upstream watershed degradation, deforestation driven by palm oil expansion, and peatland damage, all of which reduce the ecosystem's capacity to absorb water. Conversely, the classical kalam perspective provides a normative framework that views nature as a harmonious system created by God and entrusted to humanity. Ecological destruction is thus interpreted as a consequence of humanity's moral failure to fulfill the divine trust (amanah) as stewards (khalifah), representing an ethical violation against the cosmic order (fasad fi al-arḍ). This multidisciplinary synthesis yields an integrative understanding that addressing contemporary environmental crises requires not only physical ecosystem restoration and governance improvement, but also the reconstruction of humanity's ethical-spiritual awareness toward nature.
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