Antibacterial Activity of Kalimantan Native Seed Extracts of Shorea macrophylla and Litsea garciae Vidal Against Helicobacter pylori
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v9i1.64780Keywords:
Gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, tengkawang tungkul, kalangkala, antibacterialAbstract
Introduction: Infection with Helicobacter pylori remains a major cause of gastritis, and increasing antibiotic resistance has limited the effectiveness of conventional therapies. Natural products are therefore being explored as alternative antibacterial agents. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a combined ethanol extract of tengkawang tungkul seeds (Shorea macrophylla) and kalangkala seeds (Litsea garciae Vidal) against H. pylori. Methods: Extracts were prepared using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction with 70% ethanol. Phytochemical screening, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, and quantitative determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were performed. Antibacterial activity was assessed in vitro using inhibition zone assays with chloramphenicol (30 µg) as the positive control, and in vivo using a mouse gastric infection model with ciprofloxacin as the reference drug. Result: Both extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, while saponins were detected only in L. garciae. FTIR spectra confirmed functional groups associated with phenolic and flavonoid compounds. L. garciae showed higher total phenolic content (9.56 mg GAE/g), whereas S. macrophylla exhibited higher flavonoid content (7.77 mg QE/g). In vitro testing demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity, with the 75%:25% extract ratio producing the largest inhibition zone (7.95 ± 0.41 mm), equivalent to 46.88% of the inhibition zone of chloramphenicol. In vivo, the same ratio significantly reduced H. pylori colony counts (p=0.000), with antibacterial effectiveness approaching that of ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The combined extracts of S. macrophylla and L. garciae exhibit promising antibacterial activity against H. pylori in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest their potential as a natural source for developing alternative therapeutic agents for H. pylori–associated gastritis, although further studies are required to confirm interaction mechanisms and optimize dosage.
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