Standardisasi Rumah Potong Unggas Berbasis Prinsip Halal, Thayyib dan Ihsan: Tinjauan Integratif Multi-Perspektif Sains dan Syariat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/anoa.v5i1.70035Kata Kunci:
Cone Killer, Kesejahteraan Hewan, Mutu Karkas, Produk Halal, RPUAbstrak
Akselerasi industri perunggasan komersial menuntut pergeseran paradigma jaminan mutu, dari sekadar sertifikasi halal formal menuju pemenuhan aspek halal, thayyib, dan ihsan secara holistik. Berbagai deviasi operasional di lapangan, seperti masuknya ayam yang belum mati sempurna ke dalam tangki air panas, menjadi titik kritis fatal yang menurunkan validitas syariat dan mutu biologis karkas. Tinjauan komprehensif ini bertujuan mensintesis temuan ilmiah terdahulu guna mengonstruksi kerangka standardisasi Rumah Potong Unggas (RPU) masa depan yang mengintegrasikan perspektif sains peternakan, biologi, dan syariat Islam. Metode penulisan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematis terhadap artikel ilmiah terindeks dari pangkalan data Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sinta, dan Garuda dalam rentang waktu 2016–2026. Data yang diekstraksi ditabulasi ke dalam matriks sintesis untuk dianalisis secara kritis. Hasil ulasan menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan penirisan darah memicu ayam tenggelam dalam air panas dalam kondisi hidup, sehingga mengubah status hukum karkas menjadi bangkai (maitah). Secara biologis, fenomena ini memicu stres ekstrem berupa lonjakan hormon kortikosteron yang mengganggu glikolisis pascamortem, menurunkan kapasitas ikat air, serta menghasilkan karakteristik daging Pale, Soft, Exudative (PSE) yang rentan terhadap kontaminasi bakteri patogen. Rekayasa peternakan merekomendasikan kalibrasi kecepatan konveyor dengan waktu penirisan minimal 90–120 detik, atau penggunaan corong penahan (cone killer) pada skala non-industri guna mereduksi stres pra-penyembelihan dan memastikan akurasi sayatan tunggal. Standardisasi RPU modern wajib menyatukan audit administratif keagamaan dengan parameter laboratorium sains melalui penetapan titik kendali kritis baru dan penempatan pengawas mutu berkompetensi ganda.
Unduhan
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