VOICES OF EFL UNIVERSITY LEARNERS THROUGH DIGITAL REFLECTIVE JOURNALS
A Qualitative Study of Learning Motivation in Cross-Cultural Understanding Courses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/elite.v13i1.66683Keywords:
Cross-cultural understanding, Digital Reflective, EFL University Learners, Learning MotivationAbstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of digital reflective journals on the motivation of English as a foreign language (EFL) university students in the cross-cultural understanding (CCU) course. This study involved 6 EFL students who enrolled in the CCU class, where they were required to write reflective journals digitally at the end of the teaching and learning process. This study employed semi-structured interviews as the data collection instrument, adapted from the Self-determination Theory. The students’ responses were then analyzed through 7 main stages: familiarization with the collected data, generating initial codes, reviewing the obtained themes, defining themes, identifying the most significant quotes, and writing up. The findings of this study showed that digital reflective journals functioned positively as a pedagogical tool in fostering students’ motivation in CCU courses. The tool successfully helped EFL learners shift their emotions from anxiety to adaptability, enabling them to engage in a meaningful learning process through ongoing use of digital reflective journals. Furthermore, the students also assumed that this valuable tool encouraged them to be autonomous learners, to monitor their academic progress, and to strengthen their connection with educators. Given its impact on students’ motivation, this tool can be considered for implementation in the EFL classroom context. Future researchers are suggested to explore large-scale participants, combining this with a mixed-methods research design to achieve analytical generalizability of research findings.
Downloads
References
Aliyu, M. M., Ya’u, M. S., Yakubu, H. S., Jika, Y. M., Jika, Y. M., & Jibril, A. T. (2023). Using Reflective Journal Writing to Develop Undergraduates’ Metacognitive Awareness in ESL Writing. ELT Forum: Journal of English Language Teaching, 12(3), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.15294/elt.v12i3.68175
Alt, D., Raichel, N., & Naamati-Schneider, L. (2022). Higher Education Students’ Reflective Journal Writing and Lifelong Learning Skills: Insights From an Exploratory Sequential Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 707168. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707168
Apgar, D. (2024). Reflective journaling: An effective pedagogical tool to enhance undergraduate social work student experiences when learning research. Social Work Education, 43(2), 296–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2022.2088728
Aung, M. M., & Nikolov, M. (2025). Tertiary students’ English language learning motivation: A systematic review. Acta Psychologica, 261, 105854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105854
Balbay, S. (2021). A Specific Implementation of Reflective Journals in Self-Regulating Academic Presentation Skills. International E-Journal of Educational Studies, 5(9), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.761278
Basori, B., Maharany, E. R., & Rofiki, I. (2023). The Sharing Approach to Teaching Cross-Cultural Understanding: Evidence from University Students’ Perspective. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Tarbiyah, 8(1), 137–148. https://doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v8i1.15110
Burhanuddin, B., Nasution, F., Harahap, T. R., Harahap, A. N., & Nasution, E. S. (2025). The Role of Cultural Context in Language Acquisition: Strategies for Effective Language Teaching in Higher Education. International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE), 4(2), 364–368. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijere.v4i2.1439
Chan, P. H., & Aubrey, S. (2024). Strengthening Teacher–Student Rapport Through the Practice of Guided Dialogue Journaling. RELC Journal, 55(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211044874
Chinpakdee, M. (2022). Using learning journals to promote learner autonomy. ELT Journal, 76(4), 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccab056
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dea Silvani, Santiana, S., & Sitti Syakira. (2024). Reflection in Pixels: Scrutinizing Students’ Perspectives on Digital Reflective Journals. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 8(1), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.8.1.141-155
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Dzulqoidah, A., Rusmawaty, D., & Kalukar, V. J. (2025). Exploring Cross Cultural Understanding of an Indonesian Student Learning Abrod in Pakistan: A Narrative Inquiry. Prosodi, 19(2), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.21107/prosodi.v19i2.28249
Erlinda Syam & Susi Susanti. (2024). THE CHALLENGE OF TEACHING CROSS-CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING (CCU) TO INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, STUDY CASE MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF WEST SUMATERA. 11(2), 19–25.
Fageeh, A. aziz. (2011). At Crossroads of EFL Learning and Culture: How to Enhance Cross-cultural Awareness in EFL College Students. 7(1), 62–72.
Farrah, M. (2012). Reflective Journal Writing as an Effective Technique in the Writing Process. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 26(4), 997–1025. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-026-004-008
Fathia Baresh, E. (2022). DEVELOPING LIBYAN UNDERGRADUATES’ WRITING SKILLS THROUGH REFLECTIVE JOURNALING: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.33365/jeltl.v3i1.1835
Jarvis, M.-A., & Baloyi, O. B. (2020). Scaffolding in reflective journaling: A means to develop higher order thinking skills in undergraduate learners. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100195
Jin, Y. (2024). Motivating students to actively engage in EFL classrooms: Exploring the role of L2 grit and foreign language enjoyment. Learning and Motivation, 85, 101960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2024.101960
Lindroth, J. T. (2015). Reflective Journals: A Review of the Literature. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 34(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755123314548046
Lukman, A. S., Dollah, S., & Jabu, B. (2022). The Correlation Among Students’ Motivation, Perception, And Attitude Toward English Learning Achievement at Senior High School. PINISI JOURNAL OF ART, HUMANITY AND SOCIAL STUDIES, 2(5), 63–71.
Mogesse, A. T., Degefu, H. W., & Degaga, E. G. (2025). The effect of dialogue journal writing on Ethiopian first-year EFL students’ writing anxiety and attitude: A quasi-experimental study. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 10(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-025-00349-6
Moon, J. A. (2004). A Handbook of Reflective and Experiential Learning: Theory and Practice. Routledge Falmer.
Mwita, K., & Mwilongo, N. (2025). Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Research Data: A Seven-Step Guide. Eminent Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.70582/4ajw7k14
Ni, F., & Xu, W. (2025). How do English Proficiency and learning motivation shape EFL students’ emotions toward written corrective feedback? System, 131, 103681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2025.103681
Ni’ma, H. N. A., Sumardi, S., & Tarjana, S. S. (2019). Students’ Perceptions on Reflective Journal as Self-Assessment to promote writing skills in EFL Class. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2(4), 626–632. https://doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v2i4.8417
Novak, E., McDaniel, K., & Li, J. (2023). Factors that impact student frustration in digital learning environments. Computers and Education Open, 5, 100153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2023.100153
Nur, S., Patak, A. A., & Sunra, L. (2022). Cultural Awareness of Pre-Service EFL Teachers in an Indonesian Higher Education Context. Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing Dan Sastra, 6(1), 231. https://doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v6i1.26178
Oberste-Berghaus, N. (2024). The Role of Teaching Foreign Languages in Developing Intercultural Competence. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 16(1), 01–15. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/16.1/808
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Murdia, Imam Khasbani, Purnama Cahya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Once an article was published in the journal, the author(s) are:
granted to the journal right licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.
permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead wider dissemination of the work.
continue to be the copyright owner and allow the journal to publish the article with the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license
receiving a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the work.










