HUKUM CRYPTOCURRENCY (ANALISIS PERBEDAAN METODE ISTINBATH FATWA MUI, LEMBAGA BAHTSUL MASAIL PWNU JAWA TIMUR DAN PWNU YOGYAKARTA, MUHAMMADIYAH, PERSIS, DAN PUI)

Abstrak

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji hukum cryptocurrency dengan menganalisis perbedaan metode istinbath fatwa yang digunakan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Lembaga Bahtsul Masail (LBM) PWNU Jawa Timur, LBM PWNU Yogyakarta, Muhammadiyah, Persatuan Islam (Persis), dan Persatuan Umat Islam (PUI). Cryptocurrency, sebagai mata uang digital berbasis teknologi blockchain, telah menjadi subjek kontroversi terkait kehalalannya menurut syariat Islam. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka, menggunakan metode istinbath bayani, ilhaqi, dan burhani. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dalam penggunaan sumber hukum dan pendekatan istinbath oleh setiap lembaga, yang memengaruhi keputusan hukum mereka mengenai cryptocurrency sebagai alat transaksi atau komoditas. Fatwa MUI dan Muhammadiyah cenderung mengharamkan cryptocurrency karena unsur gharar dan maisir, sementara LBM PWNU Yogyakarta lebih progresif dengan menerima cryptocurrency dalam konteks tertentu. Temuan ini menyoroti perlunya harmonisasi metode istinbath untuk merespons fenomena digitalisasi ekonomi secara lebih inklusif dalam kerangka syariah.

Kata Kunci: Cryptocurrency, Metode Isntinbath, Hukum Islam.

Abstract

This study examines the legal status of cryptocurrency by analyzing the differences in the istinbath fatwa methods employed by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), the East Java NU Bahtsul Masail Institute (LBM PWNU), the Yogyakarta NU Bahtsul Masail Institute, Muhammadiyah, the Islamic Union (Persis), and the Union of Islamic Communities (PUI). Cryptocurrency, a blockchain-based digital currency, has sparked controversy over its permissibility in Islamic law. This descriptive-analytical study employs a library research approach, utilizing bayani, ilhaqi, and burhani methods of istinbath. The analysis reveals significant differences in the sources and istinbath approaches used by each institution, influencing their legal rulings on cryptocurrency as a transaction tool or commodity. MUI and Muhammadiyah predominantly prohibit cryptocurrency due to gharar (uncertainty) and maisir (gambling), while LBM PWNU Yogyakarta adopts a more progressive stance, accepting cryptocurrency in specific contexts. These findings underscore the need for harmonizing istinbath methods to respond inclusively to the economic digitalization phenomenon within the framework of Islamic law.

Keyword: Cryptocurrency, Istinbath Method, Islamic Law.