TINJAUAN HUKUM SYARIAH TERHADAP TRANSAKSI CRYPTOCURRENCY: PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID AL-SYARI‘AH
Transaksi Cryptocurrency: Perspektif Maqashid al-Syari‘ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.61956Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji transaksi cryptocurrency dalam perspektif hukum syariah dengan pendekatan Maqashid al-Syari’ah. Latar belakang kajian ini berangkat dari fenomena meningkatnya penggunaan aset digital di era ekonomi modern yang menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait keabsahan dan kemaslahatannya menurut syariah. Permasalahan utama penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam menilai cryptocurrency dalam konteks tujuan-tujuan syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-yuridis melalui analisis terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer, serta fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) No. 140 Tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cryptocurrency dapat dikategorikan mubah bersyarat apabila memenuhi prinsip keadilan, transparansi, dan tidak mengandung unsur gharar, maisir, maupun riba. Kesimpulannya, Maqashid al-Syari’ah memberikan kerangka rasional dan fleksibel dalam menilai inovasi keuangan digital modern. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan regulasi dan edukasi literasi syariah dalam transaksi aset digital agar selaras dengan prinsip kemaslahatan dan keadilan dalam hukum Islam.
Kata Kunci: Cryptocurrency, Hukum Syariah, Maqashid al-Syari’ah, Ekonomi Digital, Fatwa DSN-MUI.
Abstract
This study examines cryptocurrency transactions from the perspective of Islamic law through the lens of Maqashid al-Syari’ah. The research stems from the growing use of digital assets in the modern economy, which raises legal and ethical questions regarding their permissibility and alignment with Islamic principles. The main problem addressed in this study is how Islamic jurisprudence evaluates cryptocurrency in relation to the objectives of Shariah. A qualitative method with a normative-juridical approach is employed, analyzing classical and contemporary literature as well as the fatwa issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) No. 140 of 2021. The findings indicate that cryptocurrency may be considered mubah (permissible) under certain conditions, provided it upholds justice, transparency, and avoids elements of gharar, maisir, and riba. The study concludes that Maqashid al-Syari’ah provides a rational and adaptive framework for evaluating modern financial innovations. It recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks and enhancing Sharia literacy in digital asset transactions to ensure conformity with the principles of justice and public welfare in Islamic law.
Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Islamic Law, Maqashid al-Syari’ah, Digital Economy, DSN-MUI Fatwa.
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