ANALISIS NORMATIF PERCERAIAN PASANGAN YANG BERPINDAH AGAMA:Tinjauan atas Kewenangan Pengadilan dan Status Hukum Perkawinan setelah Menikah Menurut Hukum Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.61981Abstract
Abstrak
Tulisan ini menganalisis kewenangan pengadilan dan status hukum perkawinan pasangan Islam yang berpindah agama setelah menikah dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia. Permasalahan muncul karena Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tidak secara eksplisit mengatur akibat hukum dari perpindahan agama, sehingga menimbulkan vacuum legis dan perbedaan tafsir di kalangan hakim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui studi kepustakaan, dengan menelaah ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 Tentang Peradilan Agama, Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 Tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung, serta literatur fikih klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan absolut tetap berada pada Pengadilan Agama apabila akad nikah dilangsungkan menurut hukum Islam, meskipun salah satu pihak berpindah agama. Status perkawinan tidak batal secara otomatis karena murtad, melainkan tetap sah hingga ada putusan pengadilan. Pandangan fikih klasik yang menempatkan murtad sebagai pembatal akad berbeda dengan hukum positif Indonesia yang menekankan prosedur formal demi kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya penguatan regulasi melalui amandemen Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 atau peningkatan kedudukan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) agar tidak hanya bergantung pada yurisprudensi.
Kata Kunci: Perceraian, Perpindahan Agama, Hukum Islam, Pengadilan Agama, Yurisprudensi
AbstractThis article examines the jurisdiction of the court and the legal status of marriages involving Muslim couples who convert to another religion after marriage, analyzed from the perspective of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. The problem arises because Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019 does not explicitly regulate the legal consequences of religious conversion, thereby creating a vacuum legis and divergent interpretations among judges. This study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach through literature review. The sources analyzed include Law Number 1 of 1974 jo. Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage, Law Number 3 of 2006 concerning the Religious Courts, Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 1991 concerning the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Supreme Court decisions, and classical Islamic jurisprudence. The findings indicate that absolute jurisdiction remains with the Religious Courts as long as the marriage was conducted under Islamic law, even if one spouse later converts. The marriage does not automatically dissolve due to apostasy but remains valid until a court decision is issued. The contrast between classical fiqh and Indonesian positive law highlights the need to strengthen regulations to ensure legal certainty, justice, and the protection of religious freedom.
Keywords: Divorce, Religious Conversion, Islamic Law, Religious Court, Jurisprudence
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