ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGENAAN PAJAK ATAS PENCAIRAN JAMINAN HARI TUA (JHT) BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN BERDASARKAN PP NO. 68 TAHUN 2009
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.71058Abstract
Abstrak
Jaminan Hari Tua (JHT) merupakan program Jaminan Sosial BPJS Ketenagakerjaan yang bertujuan memberikan perlindungan ekonomi bagi pekerja saat pensiun, mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja, atau menghadapi risiko sosial lainnya. Dana JHT berasal dari iuran pekerja dan pemberi kerja yang bersifat wajib. Pencairan JHT secara sekaligus dikenakan Pajak Penghasilan berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 68 Tahun 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengenaan pajak atas pencairan JHT serta kesesuaiannya UU No. 7 Tahun 2021, UU No. 40 Tahun 2004, dan asas-asas hukum pajak. Metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengenaan PPh Pasal 21 atas pencairan JHT memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas berdasarkan UU No. 36 Tahun 2008 tentang Pajak Penghasilan dan PP No. 68 Tahun 2009. Pengaturan tersebut telah memenuhi prinsip kepastian hukum. Penerapan tarif progresif final sebesar 0% untuk saldo sampai dengan Rp.50.000.000,- dan 5% atas jumlah yang melebihi batas tersebut secara normatif telah mencerminkan asas keadilan dan asas kemampuan membayar. Namun, secara substantif kebijakan tersebut belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan keadilan sosial karena dana JHT umumnya dicairkan ketika peserta berada dalam kondisi ekonomi yang rentan. Diperlukan harmonisasi kebijakan perpajakan dengan prinsip perlindungan supaya keseimbangan antara kepentingan pemungutan pajak dan tujuan penyelenggaraan jaminan sosial, untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan pekerja.
Kata Kunci: JHT, PPh Pasal 21, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, SJSN, Asas Hukum Pajak.
Abstract
Old Age Security (JHT) is a social security program of the Social Security Agency (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) that aims to provide economic protection for workers upon retirement, termination of employment, or other social risks. JHT funds are derived from mandatory employee and employer contributions. Lump sum disbursements of JHT are subject to Income Tax under Government Regulation No. 68 of 2009. This study aims to analyze the taxation of JHT disbursements and their compliance with Law No. 7 of 2021, Law No. 40 of 2004, and tax law principles. The normative legal research method uses both statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the imposition of Income Tax Article 21 on JHT disbursements has a clear legal basis based on Law No. 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax and Government Regulation No. 68 of 2009. These regulations meet the principle of legal certainty. The implementation of a final progressive rate of 0% for balances up to Rp. 50,000,000 and 5% for amounts exceeding that limit normatively reflects the principles of fairness and the principle of ability to pay. However, substantively, this policy does not fully reflect social justice because JHT funds are generally disbursed when participants are in a vulnerable economic condition. Harmonization of tax policy with the principle of protection is needed to balance the interests of tax collection and the objectives of implementing social security, which is to realize worker welfare.
Keywords: JHT, Income Tax Article 21, BPJS Employment, SJSN, Tax Legal Principles.
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