PERNIKAHAN DINI DALAM PERSPEKTIF IMAM SYAFI‘I DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i2.65099Abstrak
Abstrak
Fenomena pernikahan dini masih menjadi persoalan sosial yang serius di Indonesia karena berdampak pada kesehatan, pendidikan, ekonomi, serta masa depan anak. Meskipun pemerintah telah menetapkan batas usia minimal pernikahan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019, praktik pernikahan di bawah umur tetap banyak terjadi, terutama di daerah pedesaan dengan faktor budaya dan ekonomi yang kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemikiran Imam al-Syafi‘i tentang batas usia dan kelayakan pernikahan serta relevansinya terhadap fenomena pernikahan dini dalam konteks hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif dan studi kepustakaan (library research), yang menelaah sumber-sumber klasik seperti al-Umm serta literatur hukum Islam dan peraturan perundang-undangan nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut Imam al-Syafi‘i, pernikahan anak secara hukum fiqih sah apabila terpenuhi syarat dan rukun serta mengandung kemaslahatan bagi pihak yang dinikahkan. Namun, dalam konteks modern, praktik tersebut bertentangan dengan tujuan hukum Islam (maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah), khususnya prinsip perlindungan jiwa (ḥifẓ al-nafs) dan keturunan (ḥifẓ al-nasl). Oleh karena itu, reinterpretasi terhadap pandangan klasik Imam al-Syafi‘i menjadi penting agar sejalan dengan nilai kemaslahatan dan perlindungan anak sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa hukum Islam bersifat dinamis dan harus mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan sosial untuk mewujudkan keadilan dan kesejahteraan umat.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Imam al-Syafi‘i, Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah, Pernikahan Dini, Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019
Abstract
Early marriage remains a major social issue in Indonesia, affecting health, education, economy, and the future of children. Despite the government’s efforts to regulate the minimum marriage age through Law No. 16 of 2019, underage marriages continue to occur, particularly in rural areas influenced by cultural and economic factors. This study aims to analyze Imam al-Shafi‘i’s perspective on the age and eligibility of marriage and its relevance to the phenomenon of early marriage within the framework of Islamic and national law. The research applies a qualitative method with a normative approach through library research, examining classical Shafi‘i sources such as al-Umm, Islamic legal literature, and Indonesian marriage law. The findings reveal that, according to Imam al-Shafi‘i, child marriage is legally valid in Islamic jurisprudence if it fulfills all requirements and brings benefit (maṣlaḥah) to those involved. However, in the modern context, such practice contradicts the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah), particularly the protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl). Therefore, reinterpretation of Imam al-Shafi‘i’s classical thought is essential to align with contemporary social realities and child protection principles as embodied in Law No. 16 of 2019. This research concludes that Islamic law is dynamic and adaptive, aiming to uphold justice and social welfare in line with the spirit of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah.
Keywords: Early Marriage, Imam al-Shafi‘i, Islamic Law, Law No. 16 of 2019, Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Azzah In’am Amani amani, Bunga Dahlia Nurjanah, Furoihah Nurfaizah

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Once an article was published in the journal, the author(s) are:
- to retain copyright and grant to the journal right licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.
- permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead wider dissemination of the work, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal
- continue to be the copyright owner and allow the journal to publish the article with the CC BY-NC-SA license
- receiving a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the work.





