Analisis Nilai Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) dan Dosis Hamburan pada Area Tiroid dan Area Gonad pada Phantom PMMA Planar Menggunakan Pesawat Fluoroskopi C-Arm
Kata Kunci:
entrance skin dose, scatter dose, field of view, PMMA phantom, C-Arm fluoroscopyAbstrak
A study has been conducted analyzing the Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) value on PMMA phantoms based on variations in Field of View (FOV) and thickness. In addition, the magnitude of the dose scattering that reaches the thyroid and gonad areas of radiation workers when C-Arm fluoroscopy examination is performed was also tested. The variation in phantom thickness values was 15, 20, and 25 cm while the variation in FOV irradiation values was 12, 15, 17, and 20 cm. The purpose of the study was to determine the magnitude of the change in ESD value due to changes in object thickness which will also directly affect changes in peak voltage for each irradiation. This also has implications for providing an increasing scattering dose due to the presence of the object. The results showed that the larger the FOV and thickness of the phantom, the higher the ESD value received. At a phantom thickness of 25 cm, ESD increased from 6.42 mGy at a FOV of 12 cm to 11.61 mGy at a FOV of 17 cm. The scatter dose value that reaches the thyroid area is a maximum of 22.31 µSv at FOV 20 cm, while the gonad area receives 1.647 µSv, which is lower because the fluoroscopy machine is equipped with Pb protection for radiation workers when performing interventions. The conclusion in C-arm fluoroscopy examinations, radiation workers must also use protective equipment for other vital areas such as Pb glasses and neck protection to be safer from scattered radiation.
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Referensi
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2007). Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology: An International Code of Practice (Technical Reports Series No. 457, pp. 1–372). International Atomic Energy Agency. https://www.iaea.org/publications/7638/dosimetry-in-diagnostic-radiology-an-international-code-of-practice
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[19] Samaila, B. (2022). Estimation Of Entrance Skin Dose And Effective Dose In Cervical Spine X-Ray Procedures. 2(3), 549–554.
[20] Hariyati, I., Randy Raharja, H. D., Reynaldy Fajrin, D., Yuwanto Hanapi, M. R., Prawoto, U., Noptua Haposan, U., Renisha Mulia, I., ISH Supit, N., Salamah, T., & Evan Lubis, L. (2023). Evaluasi Dose-Area Product Dan Waktu Fluoroskopi Sebagai Metrik Dosis Pada Audit Dosis Prosedur Fluoroskopi Intervensional: Studi Multisenter. Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN, 3(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v3.092023.002
[21] ICRP. (2007). ICRP PUBLICATION 103 The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 188(24), 1–337.
[22] Miyantra Sukma Tritania. (2024). Evaluasi dosis radiasi pada pemeriksaan radiologi intervensi Coronary Angiography Rumah Sakit Umum Arifin Achmad Tritania Sukma Miyantra. Nautical : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(11), 1–8. https://jurnal.arkainstitute.co.id/index.php/nautical/index
[2] BAPETEN. (2011). Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir Nomor 9 Tahun 2011 tentang Uji Kesesuaian Pesawat Sinar-X Radiologi Diagnostik dan Intervensional. Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum BAPETEN. Diakses pada 12 Februari 2025, dari https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/id/dokumen/peraturan/peraturan-kepala-badan-pengawas-tenaga-nuklir-nomor-9-tahun-2011-tentang-uji-kesesuaian-pesawat-sinar-x-radiologi-diagnostik
[3] Hikmah Indah, N., Dewang, S., & Dewi Astuty, S. (2023). Analisis Laju Dosis Keluaran Pesawat Sinar-X Fluoroskopi Dual Fungsi Di Rs Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Berkala Fisika, 26(1), 8–14.
[4] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2014). Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students (pp. 1–710). International Atomic Energy Agency. https://www.iaea.org/publications/10510/diagnostic-radiology-physics-a-handbook-for-teachers-and-students
[5] Tsalafoutas, I. A., Tsapaki, V., & Triantopoulou, I. (2021). Evaluation of image quality and patient exposure in fluoroscopy using a phantom: Is there any clinical relevance? European Journal of Radiology, 138(July 2020), 109607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109607
[6] Acho, S., Tsoka-Gwegweni, J., Stofile, C., Banda, K., Theron, T., & Struwig, V. (2023). Influence of radiation dose reduction gloves on exposure parameters, entrance dose rates and eye doses of interventionalists during mobile C-arm fluoroscopic procedures: A phantom study. Radiography, 29(3), 539–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2023.02.024
[7] Syifa, D. N., & Oktamuliani, S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Filter terhadap Kualitas Citra Berbasis Resolusi Spasial dan Derau pada Pesawat Fluoroskopi C-Arm. Jurnal Fisika Unand, 12(2), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.12.2.249-254.2023
[8] Simanjuntak, J., Damanik, M., & Daulay, E. R. (2022). Analisis Penahan Radiasi Ruangan Radiologi Intervensi Cathlab Sebagai Upaya Proteksi Keselamatan Radiasi Di Rsup. H. Adam Malik Medan. Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN, 2(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v2.072022.005
[9] Ardyles. (2023). Maksimalkan Efisiensi Rumah Sakit: Peran Penting Utilisasi Unit Laboratorium Kateterisasi dalam Manajemen yang Efektif-Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(4), 362–370. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/40628
[10] Esu, E. O. . C. H. U. . O. A. D. . E. E. M. (2021). Estimation of entrance skin dose and effective dose from abdomen radiography in two diagnostic facilities in Aba, Abia State, South-East Nigeria. World Scientific News, 161(September), 143–156.
[11] Syafitri, N. F., Milvita, D., & Kartikasari, D. (2024). Estimasi Enterance Surface Dose (ESD) pada Mata, Kelenjar Tiroid, dan Kelenjar Parotis pada Pemeriksaan Dental Panoramic di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas. Jurnal Fisika Unand, 13(3), 385–391. https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.13.3.385-391.2024
[12] BAPETEN. (2021). Pedoman Teknis Penerapan Tingkat Panduan Diagnostik Indonesia (Indonesian Diagnostic Reference Level). Teknis Penerapan Tingkat Panduan Diagnostik Indonesia (Indonesian Diagnostic Reference Level), 8, 1–61.
[13] Heryani, H., D Reskianto, A., Anam, C., W Widhianto, R., & C Martania, A. (2023). Pembuatan In-House Phantom untuk Pengukuran Image Quality dan Dosimetri Sebagai Tool Optimasi Protokol Pemeriksaan CT Scan Thorak. Jurnal Pengawasan Tenaga Nuklir, 3(2), 52–58.
[14] Rahma, A., Wigati, A., Hidayanto, E., Marhaendrajaya, I., & Triadyaksa, P. (2022). Komparasi Entrance Surface Air Kerma (Esak) Dengan Software Caldose_X Dan Metode Tube Output Pada Pasien Thorax Dewasa Dalam Pemeriksaan Radiografi Umum Berdasarkan Data Si-Intan. 25(4), 122–134.
[15] Bapeten. (2020). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Keselamatan Radiasi Pada Penggunaan Pesawat Sinar-X Dalam Radiologi Diagnostik Dan Intervensional. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir Republik Indonesia, 1–52. https://jdih.bapeten.go.id/unggah/dokumen/peraturan/1028-full.pdf
[16] Tsapaki, V., Damilakis, J., Paulo, G., Schegerer, A. A., Repussard, J., Jaschke, W., Frija, G., International Commission on Radiological Protection, Choi, H. R., Kim, R. E., Heo, C. W., Kim, C. W., Yoo, M. S., Lee, Y., Protection, I. I. C. on R., Yaffe, M. J., Applications, T., Protection, R., Basic, I., … Bradley, D. A. (2021). Annals of the ICRP Annals of the ICRP Annals of the ICRP. In Radiation Physics and Chemistry (Vol. 188, Issue 24). www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics%0Ahttp://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1609_web.pdf%5Cnhttp://www.vomfi.univ.kiev.ua/assets/files/IAEA/Pub1462_web.pdf%0Ahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16168243
[17] Javor, D., Moyses, J., Loewe, C., & Schernthaner, R. E. (2021). Radiation dose reduction capabilities of a new C-arm system with optimized hard- and software. European Journal of Radiology, 134, 109367.
[18] Wahyuni, F., & Sugiarti, S. (2024). Pengaruh Penggunaan Phantom dalam Pengukuran Paparan Radiasi Sinar-X untuk Proteksi Radiasi. Saintifik, 10(1), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.31605/saintifik.v10i1.479
[19] Samaila, B. (2022). Estimation Of Entrance Skin Dose And Effective Dose In Cervical Spine X-Ray Procedures. 2(3), 549–554.
[20] Hariyati, I., Randy Raharja, H. D., Reynaldy Fajrin, D., Yuwanto Hanapi, M. R., Prawoto, U., Noptua Haposan, U., Renisha Mulia, I., ISH Supit, N., Salamah, T., & Evan Lubis, L. (2023). Evaluasi Dose-Area Product Dan Waktu Fluoroskopi Sebagai Metrik Dosis Pada Audit Dosis Prosedur Fluoroskopi Intervensional: Studi Multisenter. Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN, 3(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v3.092023.002
[21] ICRP. (2007). ICRP PUBLICATION 103 The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 188(24), 1–337.
[22] Miyantra Sukma Tritania. (2024). Evaluasi dosis radiasi pada pemeriksaan radiologi intervensi Coronary Angiography Rumah Sakit Umum Arifin Achmad Tritania Sukma Miyantra. Nautical : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(11), 1–8. https://jurnal.arkainstitute.co.id/index.php/nautical/index
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2025-07-05
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Asmayati, Astuty, S. D., Prastowo, A. T. A., Dewang, S., Ibrahim, A. A., & Pratiwi, A. H. (2025). Analisis Nilai Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) dan Dosis Hamburan pada Area Tiroid dan Area Gonad pada Phantom PMMA Planar Menggunakan Pesawat Fluoroskopi C-Arm. JFT : Jurnal Fisika Dan Terapannya, 12(1), 75–86. Diambil dari https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/jft/article/view/55995
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Asmayati, Sri Dewi Astuty, Alan Tanjung Aji Prastowo, Syamsir Dewang, Ajeng Anggreny Ibrahim, Ayu Hardianti Pratiwi
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