ANALISIS KEADILAN SUBSTANSIAL PADA PENERAPAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN DATA PRIBADI TERHADAP HAK PEMILIK DATA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/qadauna.v6i3.52578Keywords:
Keadilan Substansial, Hukum Islam, Hukum PositifAbstract
This study aims to analyze the principle of substantial justice in its application within Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Act (UUPDP) by comparing Indonesian positive law with Islamic law. The UUPDP was introduced to protect personal data owners, covering rights such as access, rectification, deletion, and the right to refuse data processing. The implementation of this law faces challenges that ultimately hinder comprehensive data protection. Privacy rights are also emphasized in Islamic law, alongside the right to fair treatment, which is a fundamental principle aimed at protecting individuals’ substantive rights. The findings of this study reveal that UUPDP implementation remains suboptimal, particularly in terms of law enforcement, affecting the effectiveness of substantial justice applications. Enhancing the effectiveness of the UUPDP can be achieved through robust law enforcement, improved infrastructure and human resources, and public education. By integrating Islamic law and positive law, a stronger ethical foundation and a broader landscape are provided for assessing, evaluating, and maximizing personal data protection. These recommendations include enhancing UUPDP implementation, strengthening dispute resolution mechanisms, and ensuring that the principle of substantial justice is fully and optimally applied in protecting the personal data of Indonesian citizens.
References
BUKU
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. Al-Mustashfa Fi ‘Ilm Al-Ushul. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1983.
Al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. Fiqh Al-Aulawiyat. Edited by Bahruddin. Jakarta: Robbani Pres, 2002.
Ali, Achmad. Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) Dan Teori Peradilan (Jurisprudence) Termasuk Interpretasi Undang-Undang. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2009.
Audah, Jaser. Maqasyid Syariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law a Syistems Approach. London: The Internasional Institute of Islamic Thought, 2007.
Az-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Uṣûl Al-Fiqh Al-Islâmî. 1st ed. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 1986.
Kominfo RI. “Persepsi Masyarakat Atas Pelindungan Data Pribadi.” Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika, 2021, 1–75. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Persepsi-Masyarakat-terhadap-Pelindungan-Data-Pribadi.pdf.
Marzuki, Peter Mahumd. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Pranada, 2010.
Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia)APJII (Asosiasi. “Internet Indonesia.” Survei Penetrasi Internet Indonesia, 2024. https://survei.apjii.or.id/survei/group/9.
Qudamah, Ibnu. Al-Mughni. 3rd ed. Cairo: Hijr, n.d.
Sen, Amartya. The Idea Of Justice. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2009.
Jurnal
Aprilia, Farikhatul Aini, Farah Diva An-nazhofah, Nurul Isnaini Batrisyia, Unzila Munawwarah, and Fauzia Hasarah. “TINJAUAN MAQASHID AL-SYARI ’ AH TERHADAP PERJANJIAN.” Qadhauna 4, no. 1 (2022): 309–28. https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/qadauna/article/view/42601.
Ayu, Sinta Sukma, and Muhammad Irwan Padli Nasution. “Analisis Kebocoran Data Privacy Pada E-Commerce Tokopedia.” JUEB : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 2, no. 3 (2023): 21–24. https://doi.org/10.57218/jueb.v2i3.716
Christine, Bella, and Christine S.T. Kansil. “Hambatan Penerapan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia Setelah Disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 9 (2023): 16331–39. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i9.13936.
Dove, Edward S. “The EU General Data Protection Regulation: Implications for International Scientific Research in the Digital Era.” Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46, no. 4 (2018): 1013–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110518822003.
Haryono, Haryono. “PENEGAKAN HUKUM BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN SUBSTANTIF (Studi Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VII/2012 Tertanggal 13 Februari 2012).” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 7, no. 1 (2019): 20. https://doi.org/10.14710/hp.7.1.20-39.
Idrus, Achmad Musyahid. “Kebijakan Pemimpin Negara Dalam Perspektif Kaidah Fikih : Tasarruf Al-Imam Manutun Bil Maslahah.” Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan 1, no. 1 (2021): 123. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v1i1.26278.
Kumar, Ashwinee. “THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN DIGITAL AGE: A Comparative Study of the Indian Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 & the GDPR.” Shimla Law Review II (2019): 75–100. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3821596.
Marzuki, Al Araf Assadallah. “Urgensi Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Aktifitas Ad Tracking Di Ruang Siber.” Resam Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 2 (2021): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.32661/resam.v7i2.61.
Purnama, Thiara Dewi, and Abdurrakhman Alhakim. “Pentingnya UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Privasi Di Indonesia.” E-Journal Komunitas Yustisia 4, no. 3 (2021): 273–83. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jatayu/article/view/44370/21087.
Septiani, Lenni. “Kominfo: BSI Tak Akan Dijerat Sanksi UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Katadata, 2023. https://katadata.co.id/digital/teknologi/646b2ee611cc8/kominfo-bsi-tak-akan-dijerat-sanksi-uu-perlindungan-data-pribadi.
Sutrisna, Cecep. “Aspek Hukum Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dan Kondisi Darurat Kebocoran Atas Data Pribadi Di Indonesia.” Wacana Paramarta Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, no. 5 (2021): 1–23.
Voss, W Gregory. “European Union Data Privacy Law Reform.” The Business Lawyer 72, no. 1 (November 19, 2016): 221–34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26419118.
Watkat, Fransiscus Xaverius, Muhammad Toha Ingratubun, and Adelia Apriyanti. “Perlindungan Data Pribadi Melalui Penerapan Sistem Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum 5, no. 1 (2024): 153–75. https://doi.org/10.55551/jip.v5i1.83.
Websites
Ahdiat, Adi. “10 Negara Dengan Kebocoran Data Terbesar (Januari 2020-Januari 2024).” Databoks, 2024
Besari, Novi Putri. “Misterius, Begini Nasib Lembaga Pengawasan Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” CNBCIndonesia.com, 2024
Burhan, Fahmi Ahmad. “Data Pribadi Nasabah BSI (BRIS) Diduga Bocor, OJK Turun Tangan!” Bisnis.com, 2023. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20230516/90/1656624/data-pribadi-nasabah-bsi-bris-diduga-bocor-ojk-turun-tangan
Dirgantara, Adhistya, and Dhani Prabowo. “Data Peduli Lindungi Bocor, Pemerintah Diminta Tak Saling Lempar Tanggung Jawab.” Kompas.com, 2022. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/18/05230361/data-pedulilindungi-bocor-pemerintah-diminta-tak-saling-lempar-tanggung?page=all
Indonesia, CNN. “102 Juta Data KTP Bocor Di Forum Hacker, Diduga Dari Kemensos.” cnnindonesia.com, 2022. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220914130145-192-847677/102-juta-data-ktp-bocor-di-forum-hacker-diduga-dari-kemensos.
Yaputra, Hendrik. “Daftar Kebocoran Data Pribadi Di Era Jokowi, Paling Banyak Di Instansi Pemerintah.” Tempo.co, 2024. https://www.tempo.co/politik/daftar-kebocoran-data-pribadi-di-era-jokowi-paling-banyak-di-instansi-pemerintah--7403.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (2022).
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. Al-Mustashfa Fi ‘Ilm Al-Ushul. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 1983.
Al-Qardhawi, Yusuf. Fiqh Al-Aulawiyat. Edited by Bahruddin. Jakarta: Robbani Pres, 2002.
Ali, Achmad. Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) Dan Teori Peradilan (Jurisprudence) Termasuk Interpretasi Undang-Undang. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2009.
Audah, Jaser. Maqasyid Syariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law a Syistems Approach. London: The Internasional Institute of Islamic Thought, 2007.
Az-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Uṣûl Al-Fiqh Al-Islâmî. 1st ed. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 1986.
Kominfo RI. “Persepsi Masyarakat Atas Pelindungan Data Pribadi.” Kementerian Komunikasi Dan Informatika, 2021, 1–75. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Persepsi-Masyarakat-terhadap-Pelindungan-Data-Pribadi.pdf.
Marzuki, Peter Mahumd. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Pranada, 2010.
Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia)APJII (Asosiasi. “Internet Indonesia.” Survei Penetrasi Internet Indonesia, 2024. https://survei.apjii.or.id/survei/group/9.
Qudamah, Ibnu. Al-Mughni. 3rd ed. Cairo: Hijr, n.d.
Sen, Amartya. The Idea Of Justice. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2009.
Jurnal
Aprilia, Farikhatul Aini, Farah Diva An-nazhofah, Nurul Isnaini Batrisyia, Unzila Munawwarah, and Fauzia Hasarah. “TINJAUAN MAQASHID AL-SYARI ’ AH TERHADAP PERJANJIAN.” Qadhauna 4, no. 1 (2022): 309–28. https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/qadauna/article/view/42601.
Ayu, Sinta Sukma, and Muhammad Irwan Padli Nasution. “Analisis Kebocoran Data Privacy Pada E-Commerce Tokopedia.” JUEB : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 2, no. 3 (2023): 21–24. https://doi.org/10.57218/jueb.v2i3.716
Christine, Bella, and Christine S.T. Kansil. “Hambatan Penerapan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia Setelah Disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 9 (2023): 16331–39. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i9.13936.
Dove, Edward S. “The EU General Data Protection Regulation: Implications for International Scientific Research in the Digital Era.” Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46, no. 4 (2018): 1013–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110518822003.
Haryono, Haryono. “PENEGAKAN HUKUM BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN SUBSTANTIF (Studi Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VII/2012 Tertanggal 13 Februari 2012).” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 7, no. 1 (2019): 20. https://doi.org/10.14710/hp.7.1.20-39.
Idrus, Achmad Musyahid. “Kebijakan Pemimpin Negara Dalam Perspektif Kaidah Fikih : Tasarruf Al-Imam Manutun Bil Maslahah.” Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan 1, no. 1 (2021): 123. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v1i1.26278.
Kumar, Ashwinee. “THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN DIGITAL AGE: A Comparative Study of the Indian Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 & the GDPR.” Shimla Law Review II (2019): 75–100. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3821596.
Marzuki, Al Araf Assadallah. “Urgensi Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Aktifitas Ad Tracking Di Ruang Siber.” Resam Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 2 (2021): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.32661/resam.v7i2.61.
Purnama, Thiara Dewi, and Abdurrakhman Alhakim. “Pentingnya UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Privasi Di Indonesia.” E-Journal Komunitas Yustisia 4, no. 3 (2021): 273–83. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jatayu/article/view/44370/21087.
Septiani, Lenni. “Kominfo: BSI Tak Akan Dijerat Sanksi UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” Katadata, 2023. https://katadata.co.id/digital/teknologi/646b2ee611cc8/kominfo-bsi-tak-akan-dijerat-sanksi-uu-perlindungan-data-pribadi.
Sutrisna, Cecep. “Aspek Hukum Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dan Kondisi Darurat Kebocoran Atas Data Pribadi Di Indonesia.” Wacana Paramarta Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, no. 5 (2021): 1–23.
Voss, W Gregory. “European Union Data Privacy Law Reform.” The Business Lawyer 72, no. 1 (November 19, 2016): 221–34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26419118.
Watkat, Fransiscus Xaverius, Muhammad Toha Ingratubun, and Adelia Apriyanti. “Perlindungan Data Pribadi Melalui Penerapan Sistem Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Publicum 5, no. 1 (2024): 153–75. https://doi.org/10.55551/jip.v5i1.83.
Websites
Ahdiat, Adi. “10 Negara Dengan Kebocoran Data Terbesar (Januari 2020-Januari 2024).” Databoks, 2024
Besari, Novi Putri. “Misterius, Begini Nasib Lembaga Pengawasan Perlindungan Data Pribadi.” CNBCIndonesia.com, 2024
Burhan, Fahmi Ahmad. “Data Pribadi Nasabah BSI (BRIS) Diduga Bocor, OJK Turun Tangan!” Bisnis.com, 2023. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20230516/90/1656624/data-pribadi-nasabah-bsi-bris-diduga-bocor-ojk-turun-tangan
Dirgantara, Adhistya, and Dhani Prabowo. “Data Peduli Lindungi Bocor, Pemerintah Diminta Tak Saling Lempar Tanggung Jawab.” Kompas.com, 2022. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/18/05230361/data-pedulilindungi-bocor-pemerintah-diminta-tak-saling-lempar-tanggung?page=all
Indonesia, CNN. “102 Juta Data KTP Bocor Di Forum Hacker, Diduga Dari Kemensos.” cnnindonesia.com, 2022. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220914130145-192-847677/102-juta-data-ktp-bocor-di-forum-hacker-diduga-dari-kemensos.
Yaputra, Hendrik. “Daftar Kebocoran Data Pribadi Di Era Jokowi, Paling Banyak Di Instansi Pemerintah.” Tempo.co, 2024. https://www.tempo.co/politik/daftar-kebocoran-data-pribadi-di-era-jokowi-paling-banyak-di-instansi-pemerintah--7403.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (2022).
