Piper crocatum Leaves Extracted with Different Ethanol Concentrations: Yield, DPPH Antioxidant Activity, and ATR-FTIR Metabolomic Profiling

Authors

  • Shada Adila Abadi Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
  • Nurul Hasni Julianti Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
  • Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin
  • M. Awaluddin Padjrin Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
  • Tsurhaby Haris Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
  • Irfan Zamzani Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
  • Islan Nor Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v9i1.64850

Keywords:

Antioxidant, Piper crocatum, metabolomic, FTIR, DPPH

Abstract

Introduction: Although Piper crocatum shows antioxidant activity, studies integrating ATR-FTIR metabolomic fingerprinting and chemometric modeling to link spectra–activity across solvent polarities remain limited. Aims: This study evaluated extraction yield, DPPH-based antioxidant activity, and ATR-FTIR metabolic fingerprints of P. crocatum extracts obtained using solvents with different polarities and established a PLS-R spectrum–activity relationship using chemometrics. Method: Leaves were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol at three concentrations (100%, 75%, and 50%). Extracts were concentrated to constant weight and evaluated for antioxidant capacity using DPPH method (mg AEAC/g extract) and ATR-FTIR metabolic profiles. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, along with PCA and PLS-R. Result: The antioxidant activities of the asignificant difference was observed among the extracts (p < 0.05). The 75% ethanol extract produced the highest yield (23.51 %), whereas the 100% ethanol extract showed the strongest antioxidant activities capacity, followed by 75% and 50% ethanol, with values of 21.30, 15.22, and 13.96 mg AEAC/g extract, respectively. FTIR spectra showed similar band positions with different intensities in the O–H, C–H, C=O, C=C, and C–O regions. PCA clearly discriminated the extract groups, while PLS-R identified O–H, C=C, and C–O bands as major positive contributors to antioxidant activity.  Conclusion: Solvent polarity strongly affects the yield and antioxidant activity of P. crocatum extracts.  ATR-FTIR fingerprinting combined with chemometric analysis provides a rapid approach to discriminate extracts and identify functional groups that contribute to antioxidant capacity.

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Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Abadi, S. A., Julianti, N. H., Arsul, M. I., Padjrin, M. A., Haris, T., Zamzani, I., & Nor, I. (2025). Piper crocatum Leaves Extracted with Different Ethanol Concentrations: Yield, DPPH Antioxidant Activity, and ATR-FTIR Metabolomic Profiling. Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(1), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v9i1.64850

Issue

Vol.9 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Artikel

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Copyright (c) 2026 Shada Adila Abadi, Nurul Hasni Julianti, Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul, M. Awaluddin Padjrin, Tsurhaby Haris, Irfan Zamzani, Islan Nor

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