The Position of Digital Wallet (E-Wallet) Balances as Joint Assets in Marriage from an Islamic Law Perspective
Keywords:
Digital Wallet, E-Wallet, , Joint Property, Marriage, Islamic LawAbstract
The advancement of financial technology has transformed transaction patterns from cash-based to digital transactions, including the use of digital wallets (e-wallets). In household life, e-wallet balances may originate from income earned during marriage and be used to fulfill shared needs. Although Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam) regulate joint marital property, these provisions do not explicitly accommodate the characteristics of intangible digital assets attached to personal accounts. The legal issue addressed in this study does not lie in the absence of legal norms governing joint marital property, but in the uncertainty surrounding the application of existing norms to digital objects such as e-wallet balances. This uncertainty may give rise to legal problems, particularly in divorce proceedings and disputes over the division of joint marital property. This study aims to analyze the status of e-wallet balances as joint marital property from the perspective of Islamic law, formulate a legal construction for applying existing joint-property norms to digital assets, and examine the legal consequences in dispute resolution. This study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were obtained through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods. The findings indicate that e-wallet balances may be classified as māl under Islamic law because they possess economic value and can be owned, controlled, and utilized. E-wallet balances acquired during marriage may, in principle, be categorized as joint marital property, provided that they do not originate from personal grants, gifts, or inheritance. Their determination in disputes may be supported by electronic evidence, transaction histories, financial transparency, and the principle of justice in Islamic law.
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