Legal Protection of Victims of AI-Driven Deepfake Pornography
An Analysis within Indonesian Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.vi.63687Keywords:
Deepfake Pornography, Artificial Intelligence, Victim Protection, Personal Data Protection, Indonesian Cyber LawAbstract
The development of Artificial Intelligence technology has led to new forms of digital crime, one of which is deepfake pornography. This crime involves the manipulation of a person’s facial identity into pornographic content without consent, resulting in serious violations of privacy, dignity, reputation, and psychological well being. This study aims to analyze the legal construction of deepfake pornography within the Indonesian legal system and to examine the forms of legal protection available for victims. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by prescriptive and interpretative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that although several laws, such as the Pornography Law, the Information and Electronic Transactions Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, may be applied to prosecute perpetrators, Indonesia still lacks a specific, comprehensive regulation that addresses the unique technical complexities of AI-generated content. This regulatory gap leads to inconsistencies in law enforcement and fails to address the rapid, borderless dissemination of deepfakes, leaving victim protection severely limited, particularly regarding long-term psychological recovery and the complex restoration of digital reputation. This study highlights the urgency of establishing a comprehensive, victim-centered legal framework that integrates criminal, civil, and administrative approaches within a global context, acknowledging that technologically driven harms constitute a pervasive and transnational challenge faced by legal systems worldwide.
References
Abhishek Gupta, Mayur Shrestha. “Menghadapi Dilema Teknologi Dan Hukum Dalam Eksploitasi Selebritas Yang Tidak Sah Informasi.” Jurnal Tren Baru Dan Penelitian Baru 2, no. 12 (2024): 372–80.
Adzro Aqilah Wiguna, Puja Aisyah Ayu Lestari. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Korban Deepfake Pornography Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik 3, no. 1 (2025): 198–205.
Agestya Petra Amelia, Izzaty Nagita Putri, Jonathan Raymond Frederick. “Konstruksi Identitas Sosial Oleh Media Sosial : Studi Kritis Berdasarkan Pemikiran Marcuse Dan Habermas.” Jurnal Perspektif 8, no. 3 (2025): 363–69. https://doi.org/10.24036/perspektif.v8i3.1258.
Carlos Varela Enríquez, Renato Toasa and Maryory Urdaneta. “The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Cybercrime : Impact Analysis in Ecuador and Mitigation Strategies.” Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jcp5040100.
Christella Madalaine. “Urgensi Regulasi Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Deepfake Berbasis Ai (Artificial Intelligence) Pada Konten Pornografi Madalaine Christella Seveney 1 , Demas Brian Wicaksono 2 , Irwan Kurniawan Soetijono 3.” Majalah Civitas Akademika Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda 31, no. 2 (2025): 97–106. https://ojs.stihpada.ac.id/index.php/disiplin.
Cindy Natalia. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Pornografi Deepfake Dalam Konteks Hukum Indonesia.” Jurnal Kertha Desa 12, no. 19 (2024).
Cleophila Natania Putri Hernawan. “Tinjauan Hukum Mengenai Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual.” Lex Privatum Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Unsrat 15, no. 4 (2025).
Doni Noviantama, Alif Alfani Rahman. “Deepfake : Sebuah Ulasan Dari Perspektif Viktimologi.” Isu-Isu Kontemporer Dalam Hukum Pidana 1, no. November 2024 (2025): 107–28. https://doi.org/10.20885/CICL.vol1.iss2.art1 Deepfake:
Dr. Drs. H. Rifa’i Abubakar, M.A. Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian. UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2021.
Dr. H. Nur Solikin, S.Ag., MH. Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian Hukum, 2021.
Elvan Maulana Rif’at, Timbul Dompak. “Hak Asasi Manusia Di Era Digital : Tantangan Dan Peluang Dalam Mengatasi Kejahatan Siber.” Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin 3, no. 1 (2025).
Firdausi, Anita. “Tinjuan Etis Dan Hukum Terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Tengah Maraknya Konten Deepfake Di Media Sosial.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan 12, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3783/causa.v2i9.2461.
Gunawan Hadi Purwanto. “Penetapan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama Dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif.” Binamulia Hukum 12, no. 1 (2023): 253–62. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v12i2.425.
Halomoan Freddy Sitinjak Alexandra. “Pemberian Restitusi Dan Kompensasi Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Nilai Keadilan.” Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling 4, no. 5 (2022): 5975–84.
Happy Sturaya Quratuainniza, Ema Nurkhaerani. “Regulasi Kecerdasan Buatan Untuk Mengatasi Penyalahgunaan Deepfake Di Indonesia Fakultas Hukum , Universitas Pembangunan Nasional ‘ Veteran ’ Jakarta Melakukan Tindakan Kejahatan Maupun Sebagai Objek Dari Kejahatan Tersebut .” ALADALAH : Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum Dan Humaniora 4, no. 1 (n.d.).
Hayya Zafna Haefani. “Urgensi Reformasi Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dalam Menjerat Pelaku Deepfake Pornografi Berbasis Artificial Intelligence Pornografi Telah Menjadi Masalah Yang Cukup Mengkhawatirkan Di Kalangan Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyalahgunaan AI Dalam Kasus Kendala , Te.” Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Humaniora 3 (2025): 12–26. https://doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v2i4.
Hendra Prayoga. “Penyebaran Konten Deepfake Sebagai Tindak Pidana: Analisis Kritis Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Dan Perlindungan Publik Di Indonesia.” Abdurrauf Law and Sharia 1, no. 2 (2024): 22–38. https://doi.org/10.70742/arlash.v2i1.194.
Indah Rohmawati , Amir Junaidi, Ariy Khaerudin. “Urgensi Regulasi Penyalahgunaan Deepfake Sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online ( KBGO ).” Journal Of Social Science Research 4 (2024): 1779–94. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative%0AUrgensi.
Ivana Dewi Kasita. “Deepfake Pornografi: Tren Kekerasan Gender Berbasis Online (KGBO) Di Era Pandemi Covid-19.” Jurnal Wanita Dan Keluarga 3, no. 1 (2022): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.22146/jwk.5202.
Ivana Trixie, Moody Risky Syailendra Putra. “Studi Perbandingan: Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Deepfake Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan (Ai).” Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Riset Sosial Humaniora (KAGANGA) 8, no. 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.31539/gm8q1a03.
Johan Alfred Sarades Silalahi, Yuspika Yuliana Purba, Muhammad Fadly Nasution. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Mekanisme Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Sistem Informasi Elektronik Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Minfo Polgan Volume 14, no. 1 (2025).
Juandry Aruan. “Legal Protection for Victims of Photo Abuse through Artificial Intelligence Technology in Pornography Crimes in Indonesia.” Law & Society Review 5, no. 2 (2025): 1831–62. https://doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v5i2.3834.
Mahrus Ali, Zico Junius Fernando, Chairul Huda, Mahmutarom. “Deepfake Dan Viktimologi : Menjelajahi Dampak Manipulasi Digital Terhadap Korban.” Jurnal Hukum Internasional Keadilan Substantif 8, no. 1 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.56087/substantivejustice.v8i1.306.
Memei Apriana, Fransisco, Any Nugroho. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Korban Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Deepfake Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual.” Jurnal Sosial Dan Ekonomi 3(2), no. 1 (2021): 123–38. https://idm.or.id/JSER/index.php/JSER Open.
Mira Aurelita, Kayus Kayowuan Lewoleba. “PORNOGRAFI DALAM PERSPEKTIF VIKTIMOLOGI Mira Aurelita , Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran.” Jurnal Kertha Semaya 12, no. 12 (2024): 3382–96. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2024.v12.i12.p19.
Muhammad Afif. “Tindak Pidana Deepfake Pornography Di Indonesia : Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kekosongan Norma Dalam KUHP Dan UU ITE.” Jurnal Illmiah Multidisiplin 3, no. 2 (2025): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.62017/merdeka.
Naufal Zuhdi, Heni Siswanto, Dona Raisa Monica. “Peran Kepolisian Terhadap Ancaman Kejahatan Pelecehan Seksual Melalui Modus Deepfake Porn Di Era Digital.” Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial Dan Politik 2, no. April (2025). https://doi.org/10.62383/demokrasi.v2i2.856.
Nurini Aprilianda. “Reconstruction Of Restitution As An Additional Punishment For Victims Of Criminal Acts.” Arena Hukum 17, no. 2 (2024): 226–41.
Olivia Novera, Yenny Fitri Z. “Analisis Pengaturan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Teknologi Manipulasi Gambar (Deepfake) Dalam Penyebaran Konten Pornografi Melalui Akun Media Sosial.” Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 10, no. 2 (2024): 460–74. https://ejournal.iaifa.ac.id/index.php/faqih.
Putri Ramadhani Rangkuti, Rahma Fitri Amelia Hasibuan, Vressilia Witama, and Siti salmiah Maria Arfah Nasution, Siti Kholizah, Nadilah Andini. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Penggunaan Deepfake Dalam Pelanggaran UU ITE : Studi Kasus Di Media Sosial Indonesia Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan, Indonesia.” Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 3 (2025).
Rafi Satrya Arvitto. “Implikasi Hukum Deepfake : Telaah Terhadap UU ITE Dan UU PDP.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia 4, no. 2 (2025): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3937.
Raihani Latifatunnisa, Made Wira Yudha. “Urgensi Pembaruan Regulasi Dalam Menanggulangi Penyalahgunaan Teknologi.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan 11, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.8734/CAUSA.v1i2.3.
Rebecca dkk. “JURNAL ILMIAH DUNIA HUKUM Environmental Crime Enforcement in Indonesia : Ultimum and Primum Remedium Perspectives” 10, no. 1 (2025): 242–60. https://doi.org/10.35973/jidh.v10i1.6579.1.
Respati, Adnasohn Aqilla, Astri Dewi Setyarini, Dodi Parlagutan, and Muhammad Rafli. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Pencegahan Kasus Deepfake Serta Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban.” Media Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2024): 586–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12508126.
Sarah Amanda Uly Sijabat, Diana Lukitasari. “Konten Gambar Dan Video Pornografi Deepfake Sebagai Suatu Bentuk Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik.” Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 13, no. 2 (2024): 179–94.
Silvia Maharani. “Kriminalisasi Penggunaan Deepfake Dalam Tindak Pidana Penipuan Dan Pencemaran Nama Baik: Tantangan Dan Solusi Hukum.” Jurnal Hukum Legalita 6 (2023): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v6i2.1453 Kriminalisasi.
Syaiful Badri, Pristika Handayani, Tri Anugrah Rizki. “Ganti Rugi Terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dan Wanprestasi Dalam Sistem Hukum Perdata Compensation for Acts Against the Law and Default in the Civil Law System Penelitian Ini Berfokus Pada Bagaimana Ketentuan Ganti Rugi Atas Pelanggaran Hukum Diterapkan.” Jurnal USM Law Review 7, no. 2 (2024): 6–7.
Wahyu Handoko. “Digital Crime In The Era Of Society 5.0: Juridical Analysis Of Cyber And Victim Protection.” Ipso Jure Journal 2 (2025): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.62872/arpt6m43.
Will Hawkins, Chris Russell, Brent Mittelstandt. Deepfakes on Demand : The Rise of Accessible Non-Consensual Deepfake Image Generators. Proceedings of (FAccT ’25). Vol. 1. Association for Computing Machinery, 2023.
Zahra Pitaloka Islami. “Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Di Era Globalisasi Digital : Strategi Menghadapi Kejahatan Siber Lintas Batas.” Jurnal Sains Ekonomi Dan Edukasi 2, no. 12 (2025): 2579–91.
Zevanya Praja Syaharani. “Dari Fantasi Digital Ke Kekerasan Nyata Analisis Hukum Atas Kasus Deepfake Pornografi Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara.” Maleo Law Journal 9, no. 2 (2025).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nur Hidayah, Gunawan Hadi Purwanto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.






