Plea Bargaining and Indonesia’s Special Track Under The New KUHAP
A Comparative Study with United State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.vi.64931Keywords:
Plea Bargaining, Special Track, New Criminal Procedure Code, Criminal JusticeAbstract
The increase in criminal cases, the length of the judicial process, and the overcrowding of correctional institutions have prompted the need for reform of criminal procedure law in Indonesia. One of the breakthroughs adopted in the New Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) is the mechanism of guilty pleas through the Special Track, which is conceptually similar to plea bargaining as applied in the United States criminal justice system. This study aims to analyze the comparison between the plea bargaining mechanism in the United States and the Special Track in Indonesia's New KUHAP, as well as to examine the implications of adopting elements of plea bargaining on the protection of the principle of due process of law and the application of the principles of swift, simple, and inexpensive justice. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative, comparative, and conceptual approach, supported by a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that although both mechanisms have the same objective, namely the efficient resolution of criminal cases, there are fundamental differences in their structure, scope of negotiation, and the role of judges. The Special Track in the New Criminal Procedure Code places judges as the main controllers of the guilty plea process, thereby potentially strengthening the protection of due process of law. However, without clear technical regulations and strict judicial oversight, this mechanism risks putting pressure on defendants and reducing their right to a fair trial.
References
Abuthalib, Cut Nangrie Sari, Dian Ekawaty Ismail, and others. “Plea Bargaining Dalam Bayang-Bayang Keadilan: Antara Efisiensi Penegakan Hukum Dan Degradasi Nilai Kepastian Hukum.” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 4, no. 1 (2026): 1130–46.
Anggryani, Louis Freedyana, Bahari Bahari, Syawal Amry Siregar, and Alusianto Hamonangan. “PENERAPAN PERATURAN KEJAKSAAN NOMOR 15 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PENGHENTIAN PENUNTUTAN BERDASARKAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN PADA KEJAKSAAN NEGERI NIAS SELATAN.” DIKTUM 2, no. 1 (2023): 134–40.
Dedi Putra. “PLEA BARGAIN DALAM KUHAP BARU: INOVASI PROSEDURAL DAN TANTANGAN FAIR TRIAL,” n.d. https://suarabsdk.com/plea-bargain-dalam-kuhap-baru-inovasi-prosedural-dan-tantangan-fair-trial/#:~:text=Plea bargain resmi diadopsi dalam KUHAP Baru.,205%2C dan 234 KUHAP Baru%2C serta tantangan.
Gemilang, Herdino Fajar, and Rosalia Dika Agustanti. “Penggunaan Plea Bargaining Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Menyeimbangkan Efisiensi Dan Keadilan.” Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 4, no. 3 (2023): 422–31.
Gormley, Jay. “The Inefficiency of Plea Bargaining.” Journal of Law and Society 49, no. 2 (2022): 277–93.
Haeranah, Haeranah, Hijrah Adhyanti Mirzana, Andi Muhammad Aswin Anas, Ismail Iskandar, Arnita Pratiwi Arifin, Ulil Amri, and Normiati Normiati. “The Concept of Plea Bargain in the Criminal Process System in Indonesia.” Law Reform 21, no. 1 (2025): 1–16.
Ibrahim, Johnny. “Teori Dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif.” Malang: Bayumedia Publishing 57, no. 11 (2006).
Indonesia, Christine S T Kansil, and Christine S T Kansil. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Pradnya Paramita, 2003.
Indonesia, Mahkamah Agung Republik. “Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 Tentang Perlakuan Bagi Pelapor Tindak Pidana (Whistleblower) Dan Saksi Pelaku Yang Bekerjasama (Justice Collaborators) Di Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Tertentu.” Jaringan Dokumentasi Dan Informasi Hukum Mahkamah Agung RI, 2011.
Kambu, Wari Martha. “Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia Berdasarkan Pasal 28d Ayat 3 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.” Lex Et Societatis 9, no. 1 (2021).
Khaer Zahir, Muh Al, and others. “POLITIK HUKUM PLEA BARGAINING SYSTEM DALAM RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM ACARA PIDANA.” Universitas Hasanuddin, 2023.
Kumullah DP, Andi Alif, and others. “KONSTRUKSI RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA= RESTORATIVE JUSTICE CONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE SETTLEMENT IN INDONESIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE.” Universitas Hasanuddin, 2023.
“MA MEMUTUS 30.763 PERKARA SEPANJANG 2024,” n.d. https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/id/berita/6599/ma-memutus-30763-perkara-sepanjang-2024.
Nasution, Bahder Johan. “Metode Penelitian Ilmu Hukum.” Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2008.
Nasution, Mora Nur Fitrah. Adapi Sistem Plea Bargaining Dalam Kerangka Hukum Pidana Indonesia: Tinjauan Komparatif Dari Amerika Serikat, India Dan Prancis. Yustisia Tirtayasa Jurnal Untirta, 2025.
“No Title,” n.d. https://sdppublik.ditjenpas.go.id/.
“No Title,” n.d. https://dandapala.com/article/detail/revisi-kuhap-memperkuat-due-proces-of-law#:~:text=Due proces of law merupakan,dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia.
No, Undang-Undang. “Tahun 2009 Tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman,” 48AD.
Nomor, Undang-Undang. “Tahun 2025 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana,” 20AD.
“Objek Penelitian Hukum Normatif Untuk Tugas Akhir,” n.d. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/objek-penelitian-hukum-normatif-untuk-tugas-akhir-lt63a46376c6f72/.
Oegroseno, Arif Havas. “Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 Tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights/ICCPR (Kovenan Internasional Tentang Hak-Hak Sipil Dan Politik).” Indonesian J. Int’l L. 4 (2006): 169.
Orfield, Lester B. “The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.” . . Louis ULJ 10 (1965): 445.
“Pendekatan Komparatif Dalam Penelitian Normatif,” n.d. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pendekatan-komparatif-dalam-penelitian-normatif-lt64b90f12d0382/.
“Plea Bargain Dan Wajah Baru Peradilan Pidana,” n.d. https://marinews.mahkamahagung.go.id/artikel/plea-bargain-dan-wajah-baru-peradilan-pidana-0JE#:~:text=Plea Bargain dan Wa.
Putri, Megawati Iskandar, Lalu Saipudin, and others. “PENGATURAN KONSEP LEMBAGA PLEA BARGAINING DALAM PEMBAHARUAN KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM ACARA PIDANA (KUHAP).” Parhesia 2, no. 1 (2024): 23–34.
Ramadhan, Choky Risda, F Afandi, K Materay, S Dirga, N Ansar, and E A T Napitupulu. “Peluang Penerapan Plea Bargain Dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia.” Inara Publisher, 2024.
“RKUHAP Disahkan, Berlaku Mulai Awal 2026 Bersama KUHP Baru,” n.d. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/rkuhap-disahkan-berlaku-sejak-awal-2026-bersama-kuhp-baru.
Ruchoyah, Ruchoyah. “Urgensi Plea Bargaining System Dalam Pembaruan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia: Studi Perbandingan Plea Bargaining System Di Amerika Serikat.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 2 (2020): 388–409.
Serman, Seraphinus Mariano Agung, and Umi Rozah. “Regulation of Plea Bargaining Policy as a Novelty in Criminal Justice System to Create Effective and Efficient Criminal Law Enforcement: A Study of Ruu Kuhap.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 4 (2025): 2304–15.
Sitohang, Kalvin A, and Frans Simangunsong. “Plea Bargaining Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana.” Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 3, no. 5 (2025): 303–11.
Soesilo, R, and others. “Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) Dengan Penjelasan Resmi Dan Komentar,” 2022.
Sriwidodo, Joko, and Dwi Andayani Bs. “Upaya Percepatan Penyelesaian Perkara Di Pengadilan Menurut Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Administrasi Dan Persidangan Perkara Pidana Di Pengadilan Secara Elektronik.” Palar: Pakuan Law Review 16 (2021): 1–23.
Syaiful Bakhri. “Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana.” Tangerang Selatan, 2019.
Tan, David. “Metode Penelitian Hukum: Mengupas Dan Mengulas Metodologi Dalam Menyelenggarakan Penelitian Hukum.” Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 8, no. 8 (2021): 2463–78.
Triana, Ikama Dewi Setia, Muhammad Yusril Irza, and Arif Awaludin. “Reformasi KUHAP Dalam Membangun Sistem Peradilan Pidana Yang Berkeadilan Dan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia.” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 3, no. 6 (2025): 8293–8304.
Wahyudhi, Dheny, Sri Rahayu, Elly Sudarti, and Herry Liyus. “PRINSIP PLEA BARGAINING DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA SECARA CEPAT SEDERHANA DAN BIAYA RINGAN DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ACARA PIDANA.” Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora 6, no. 2 (2022): 46–58.
Widiatmika, Dewa Putu Hendra. “Penerapan Perpol Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif Di Direktorat Reserse Kriminal Umum Polda Bali.” IJOLARES: Indonesian Journal of Law Research 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–5.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mawar Sapanah, Kayus Kawyowuan Lewoleba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
