Analysis of Copyright Protection of AI Works from the Perspective of the MUI Fatwa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.vi.65523Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Maqashid Al-Syari‘ah, MUI Fatwa, Intellectual PropertyAbstract
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises complex legal questions regarding ownership and copyright protection of works generated through algorithmic systems. AI can produce text, images, music, and other creative outputs with economic value, yet it lacks legal personality, intention, and moral responsibility. This situation creates normative challenges in both contemporary copyright law and Islamic legal discourse, particularly in determining ownership and accountability for AI-generated works. In Islamic law, the absence of explicit classical rulings on AI-based creativity requires new interpretative approaches that integrate traditional legal principles with modern technological realities. This study aims to analyze the construction of ownership and copyright protection of AI-generated works from the perspective of Islamic law by examining the normative principles contained in the fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). The research employs normative legal methods using conceptual, statutory, and maqasid al-shari‘ah approaches based on library research. The findings show that AI-generated works can be classified as mal hukmi (intangible property) because they possess economic value, utility, and social recognition. Their protection therefore aligns with the principle of hifz al-mal. Although no MUI fatwa explicitly regulates AI copyright, the principles in MUI Fatwa No. 24 of 2017 indicate that digital systems function only as instruments (wasilah), while legal responsibility remains with humans. Consequently, AI cannot be considered a legal subject, and copyright ownership is most appropriately attributed to users who actively direct the creative process. This study demonstrates that Islamic law, through maqasid al-shari‘ah and contemporary fatwas, provides a normative framework for addressing emerging issues of AI governance and intellectual property in the digital era.
References
Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2016.
Anggraini, Dian. “Kecerdasan Buatan (Ai) Dan Nilai Co-Creation Dalam Penjualan B2B (Business-To-Business).” Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Teknologi Informasi, Dan Edukasi Sistem Informasi 1, no. 2 (2020): 63–69. https://doi.org/10.25126/justsi.v1i2.7.
Babashahi, L., Barbosa, C. E., Lima, Y., Lyra, A., Salazar, H., Argôlo, M., Almeida, M. A. d., & Souza, J. M. d. “AI in the Workplace: Systematic Review of Skill Transformation in the Industry.” Administrative Sciences 4, no. 6 (2024): 13–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14060127.
Dalam, Machine, Pandangan Hukum, Islam Dan, and Maqashid Syariah. “Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam Human Claw Machine Game Practices From the View of Islamic Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam” 5, no. 1 (2024): 165–78. https://doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v5i1.1350.165.
Dewi, Nurul Aulia, and Tuti Anggaini. “Menelusuri ‘ Illat Hukum Dalam Ushul Fiqh: Sebab, Hikmah, Dan Implementasinya Dalam Penetapan Hukum Islam.” Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Studies (IJOMSS) 3, no. 2 (2025): 33–40.
Erwaedy, Ahmad, Pardiman Pardiman, Syahril Syahril, and Ach. Andiriyanto. “Implementing Halal Industry Management and Environment Conservation Based on Maqashid Sharia.” AL-FALAH : Journal of Islamic Economics 6, no. 2 (2021): 268. https://doi.org/10.29240/alfalah.v6i2.3504.
Fadilah Mat Nor, Sa’diah Abd Karim, Mawar Murni Yunus, Ahmad Fatin Mohamad Suhaimi Ismail, Mokthar. “Youth Participation in the Gig Economy: A Scoping Review of Socioeconomic and Maqasid Shariah Perspectives.” E-JURNAL PENYELIDIKAN DAN INOVASI 12, no. 4 (2025): 277–88. https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v12i4.300.
Giyono, Urip, Ahmad Khoirudin, Saleh Abdul, and Qader Ali. “Revitalizing the Indonesian Ulema Council ’ s Fatwa on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.” Al-Mustashfa: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 10, no. 2 (2025): 701–19.
Hamzah, Amir. Metode Penelitian Studi Kasus: Single Case, Instrumental Case, Multicase Dan Multisite. Malang: Literasi Nusantara Abadi, 2020.
Handayani, Syafika, and Fatimah Zahara. “Legal Consequences of Product Quality Tadlis on Shopee E-Commerce from the Perspective of DSN MUI Fatwa Number 146 of 2021 on Online Shops Based on Sharia Principles.” Journal Equity of Law and Governance 4, no. 2 (2021): 294–99.
Hardani, Nurhikmatu Auliya. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Dan Kuantitatif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ilmu, 2020.
Hendra, Joni, Sukiman Sukiman, Sugianto Sugianto, and Abdul Rasheed Olatunji. “Creative Economic Development Strategy of Riau Province Community in As-Syatibi Shariah Maqasid Persfective.” Ikonomika 6, no. 2 (2022): 291–308. https://doi.org/10.24042/febi.v6i2.11639.
Hidayat, Rahmat. “Analisis Fikih Aktual Dan Hipotesis Atas Eksposisi Eksistensi Artificial Intelligence Dalam Transaksi.” Justisia Ekonomika 5, no. 2 (2021): 214–28.
Irwansyah, Faisar Ananda, Zulham. “Positivization of Sharia Regional Regulations in North Sumatra.” JALREV 3, no. 3 (2021): 161–79.
Lisa Yusri Ritonga, Annisa Sativa. “Legal Protection For T-Shirt Design Owners From The Perspective Of The Mui Fatwa No. 1 Munas Vii/Mui/5/2005 (A Study Of The Shopee Marketplace).” Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) 7, no. 3 (2024): 5703–9.
Listy, Virlyana, and Ilham Ilham. “Revolusi Sistem Informasi Manajemen Di Era AI Dan Big Data Mengubah Cara Bisnis Bekerja.” Simpatik: Jurnal Sistem Informasi Dan Informatika 5, no. 1 (2025): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.31294/simpatik.v5i1.7621.
MUI, Fatwa. “Fatwa No. 24 Tahun 2017 Tentang Hukum Dan Pedoman Bermuamalah Melalui Media Sosial,” 2017.
Musolli, Musolli. “Maqasid Syariah: Kajian Teoritis Dan Aplikatif Pada Isu-Isu Kontemporer.” AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 5, no. 1 (2018): 60–81. https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v5i1.324.
Mutakin, Ali. “The Theory Of Maqasid Al-Syari’ah and the Relation with Instinbath Method.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 19 (2017): 557.
Pida, Yuliana, and Imsar Imsar. “Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Scale Up Bisnis UMKM Kota Medan Dalam Kerangka Maqashid Syariah.” Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora 6, no. 2 (2022): 104–18. https://doi.org/10.22437/jssh.v6i2.22897.
Putri, Merin Ananda, Elviandri Elviandri, and Rio Arif Pratama. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Transaksi Bisnis Online Pada Aspek Privasi Data Dan Keamanan Konsumen.” AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2025): 2054–66. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v4i2.5439.
Raiwella, G P, Dwi Sartika Paramyta, and M Y F Hafidz Nasution. “The Copyright Ownership Status of Visual Works Generated by Artificial Intelligence Status Kepemilikan Hak Cipta Pada Karya Visual Yang Dihasilkan Oleh Kecerdasan Buatan Kata Kunci : Hak Cipta , Karya Visual , Kecerdasan Buatan Era Digital Saat Ini Ditand.” Al-Qanun: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Dan Hukum Islam 06 (2025).
Samsul. Metode Penelitian : Teori Dan Aplikasi Penelitian Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, Mixed Method, Dan Development. Jambi: Pusaka, 2017.
Subiyantoro, Singgih. Buku Ajar Artificial Intellegence, 2016.
Suyitno. “Maqhasid As-Syariah Dan Qishas: Pemikiran As-Syatibi Dalam Kitab Al-Muwafaqat.” Muaddib 05, no. 01 (2015): 73–94. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjUsMLK9bLiAhXFbn0KHcGCBBEQFjAAegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.umpo.ac.id%2F1868%2F2%2FKompilasi%2520Artikel%252051%25205.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0q8gKqa_jmW_r1WPiVTsaC.
Tanzeh, Ahmad. Pengantar Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Teras Publis, 2018.
Undang-Undang. “Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta,” 2014.
Wahid, Luth Fiah, Nurcahaya, and Cahaya Permata. “Hukum Jual Beli Emas Melalui Sistem Tidak Tunai Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i (Studi Kasus Toko Emas Pasar Horas Kota Pematangsiantar).” Journal Humaniora: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 2 (2021): 1–22.
Wahyuni, Sri, Asmuni Asmuni, and Tuti Anggraini. “Analisis Maqashid Dan Maslahah Transaksi E-Commerce Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Ekonomi 8, no. 2 (2023): 124–33. https://doi.org/10.21067/jrpe.v8i2.8703.
Zahara, Fatimah. “The Analysis of Maqashid Syariah on the Use of Fiat Money and Dinar Dirham.” Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) 3, no. 2 (2020): 1216–26.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Chandra Akbar Saputra, Fatimah Zahara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
