Recognition of Hardship as a Corrective Mechanism in Indonesian Contract Law under Extraordinary Changes in Circumstances
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.vi.66411Keywords:
Hardship; Perubahan Keadaan; Pacta Sunt Servanda; Renegosiasi Kontrak; Reformasi Hukum Perdata.Abstract
Contract law in Indonesia is still often viewed as rigid and unchanging, even though in practice particularly in long-term contracts changes in circumstances can occur unexpectedly; therefore, this study examines the urgency of recognizing hardship in Indonesian contract law in the context of extraordinary events that cause fundamental changes in circumstances, focusing on the regulatory gaps within the national legal system, its comparison with developments in modern contract law, as well as the legal implications of adopting such norms through normative legal research using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, and a case study of Judgment No. 28/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN.DPS, The results indicate that the force majeure mechanism in the Civil Code is insufficient to address contractual imbalances resulting from unforeseen changes in circumstances, while comparative analysis and case studies confirm that the absence of a hardship doctrine limits judicial discretion to the conventional framework of breach of contract. Consequently, this study argues that the integration of hardship can be achieved through normative reconstruction grounded in the principles of good faith and contractual balance, thereby balancing legal certainty and substantive justice within Indonesian contract law.
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