Legal Validity and Consumer Protection in Split Payment Transactions Outside Marketplaces in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.vi.67857Keywords:
Split Payment, Electronic Agreement, Default, Consumer Protection, Escrow.Abstract
The proliferation of sale and purchase practices outside marketplaces using digital payment mechanisms, particularly split payment, raises the risk of breach of contract due to the absence of an escrow system that guarantees the fulfillment of obligations by the parties. This study examines the validity of sale and purchase agreements outside marketplaces as well as the civil legal protection and the form of the seller's liability to the buyer in cases of breach of contract. The research employs an empirical juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results show that sale and purchase agreements outside marketplaces with split payment schemes are legally valid because they fulfill Article 1320 of the Civil Code and are recognized as electronic agreements under Law No. 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law). However, through Hadjon's framework, the existing regulation only marginally fulfills the preventive dimension of legal protection, while the repressive dimension is normatively available yet practically ineffective; from Radbruch's perspective, the three values of legal certainty, justice, and expediency are not yet harmoniously realized. Sellers still bear civil liability for breach of contract under the Civil Code and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). It is therefore concluded that such transactions are legally valid but weak in consumer protection, so that regulatory strengthening on identity verification, mandatory escrow systems, and accelerated dispute resolution is needed in accordance with Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions.
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