The Conditional Death Penalty in Indonesia's New Criminal Code
Between Criminal Law Reform and Non-Derogable Rights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v26i2.68297Keywords:
Criminalization; Conditional Death Penalty; Non-Derogable Rights, Right to Life.Abstract
The enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the National Criminal Code, as amended by Law No. 1 of 2026, marks a paradigm shift from absolute punishment to conditional punishment, where the death penalty is repositioned as an alternative special punishment with a ten-year probationary period. This research uses a normative (doctrinal) legal method with a statutory, conceptual, case-based, and human rights approach. The research gap that is filled is the absence of studies that simultaneously analyze the paradigm shift after Law No. 1 of 2026 and its compliance with the principle of non-derogable rights as guaranteed by Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution. The novelty of this research lies in the integrated analysis of Article 100 and its amendments, which repositions the probationary period as a form of respect for the right to life. Theoretically, the results of the study indicate that this mechanism reflects a combined theory of punishment, retributive and rehabilitative, as evidenced in the ratio decidendi of the Tanjung Redeb District Court Decision in the Julius case. However, the absence of objective parameters to assess "commendable attitudes and actions" has the potential to create legal uncertainty. Practically, this study recommends the issuance of PERMA by the Supreme Court and the formation of an independent multidisciplinary evaluation team.
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