Reconstruction of Educational Ethics Imam al-Mawardi's Perspective in the Book of Adab ad-Dunya wa ad-Din and Its Relevance to the Contemporary Moral Crisis in Indonesia

Abstract

Education in Indonesia is currently facing serious challenges in the form of moral crises, such as high rates of bullying, violence in the school environment, and learning orientations that focus too much on grades or degrees (academic pragmatism). This research aims to examine the concept of educational ethics according to the views of Imam al-Mawardi in the book Adab ad-Dunya wa ad-Din, as well as analyze its relevance as a solution to moral crises in contemporary educational institutions. This research uses a literature research method with a historical and philosophical approach. Data collection is carried out through text documentation, which is then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the essence of education according to al-Mawardi rests on the balance between intellect and character formation (ta'dib). In the learning process, educators are required to have sincerity of intention, be a good example (uswah hasanah), prioritize a gentle approach, and reject violence. Meanwhile, students are required to be humble (tawadhu'), straighten out intentions, respect teachers, and consistently maintain self-respect or human dignity (muru'ah). Al-Mawardi's classical thought proved to be very relevant to the conditions of the modern era. The cultivation  of the muru'ah  concept can be a strong preventive measure against the rampant bullying between students. In addition, this thinking also restores the important role of emotional closeness and teacher role that cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence (AI) technology, as well as being a criticism of commercialization and loss of meaning in education today.