Protecting Victims of Digital Triangle Fraud Through A Mitigation Model Within The Jurisdiction of The South Ogan Komering Ulu Resort Police

Abstract

Akinbowale, O. E., Mashigo, M. P., & Zerihun, M. F. (2024). Understanding and mitigating cyberfraud in Africa. AVARSITY Books. https://doi.org/10.4102/aosis.2024.BK485

Ayiliani, F. M., & Farida, E. (2024). Urgensi pembentukan lembaga pengawas data pribadi sebagai upaya pelindungan hukum terhadap transfer data pribadi lintas negara. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 6(3), 431–455. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v6i3.431-455

 Cross, C. (2020). ‘Oh we can’t actually do anything about that’: The problematic nature of jurisdiction for online fraud victims. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 20(3), 358–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895819835910

 Curtis, J., & Oxburgh, G. (2023). Understanding cybercrime in ‘real world’ policing and law enforcement. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, 96(4), 573–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X221107584

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. (n.d.). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang-dasar

Dror-Shpoliansky, D., & Shany, Y. (2021). It's the end of the (offline) world as we know it: From human rights to digital human rights—A proposed typology. European Journal of International Law, 32(4), 1249–1282. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab087

European Commission. (2020). EU strategy on victims' rights (2020–2025). EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0258

Gunardi. (2022). Buku ajar metode penelitian hukum. Damera Press. https://lintar.untar.ac.id/repository/penelitian/buktipenelitian_10287001_11B030924141233.pdf

 Halder, D. (2022). Cyber victimology: Decoding cyber-crime victimisation. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315155685

Hariansah, S., & Qhistina, L. (2026). Toward algorithmic due process: Constitutional challenges and human rights risks in Indonesia's digital state. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 8(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v8i1.25-25

 Hermanto, B., Nur, A. I., & Zulfa, I. (2025). Dinamika pengaturan hukum siber Indonesia: Refleksi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam ius constituendum. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 14(2), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v14i2.2045

Irawan, B., Mulyanti, D., Budiaman, H., Rahman, Y. M., & Taufiqurrohman, A. (2025). Perspective of state sovereignty in law enforcement related to cyberlaw jurisdiction. LAW REFORM, 21(1), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v21i1.68760

Kharisma, D. B., & Diakanza, A. (2024). Patient personal data protection: Comparing the health-care regulations in Indonesia, Singapore and the European Union. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 17(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-04-2022-0035

Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. (2021, November 8). Bergerak bersama demi pemenuhan hak bagi penyandang disabilitas. https://www.komnasham.go.id/komnas-ham-bergerak-bersama-demi-pemenuhan-hak-bagi-penyandang-disabilitas

Koning, L., Junger, M., & Veldkamp, B. (2025). Reporting fraud victimization to the police: Factors that affect whether victims report. Psychology, Crime & Law, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2025.2468347

Kusnadi, S. A., & Putri, D. W. S. (2025). Perlindungan hak privasi dalam penyalahgunaan teknologi deepfake di Indonesia. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 14(2), 195–210. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v14i2.2135

 Luong, H. T., & Ngo, H. M. (2024). Understanding the nature of the transnational scam-related fraud: Challenges and solutions from Vietnam’s perspective. Laws, 13(6), Article 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13060070

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2026, May 5). Pemohon tambah alat bukti penyalahgunaan data pribadi. https://www.mkri.id/berita/pemohon-tambah-alat-bukti-penyalahgunaan-data-pribadi-24987

Mahrina, Sasmito, J., & Zonyfar, C. (2022). The Electronic and Transactions Law (EIT Law) as the first cybercrime law in Indonesia: An introduction and its implementation. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum, 21(2), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v21i2.2680

Makarim, E. (2026). Membangun kesadaran hukum masyarakat dalam meningkatkan keamanan siber. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 15(1), 77–96. https://rechtsvinding.bphn.go.id/ejournal/index.php/jrv/issue/view/53/showToc

Matsaung, P., & Masiloane, D. T. (2025). The role of cyber intelligence in policing cybercrime in South Africa: Insights from law enforcement officers. African Security Review, 34(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2024.2421225

Nataraj-Hansen, S., & Richards, K. (2023). Why do fraud victims get blamed? Lerner's belief in a just world and its application to victims of online fraud. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(3), 828–839. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2022-0037

Nugroho, A., & Chandrawulan, A. A. (2023). Research synthesis of cybercrime laws and COVID-19 in Indonesia: Lessons for developed and developing countries. Security Journal, 36, 651–670. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-022-00357-y

Nugroho, S. S., Haryani, A. T., & Farkhani. (2020). Metodologi riset hukum. Oase Pustaka. https://unmermadiun.ac.id/repository_jurnal_penelitian/Sigit%20Sapto%20Nugroho/URL%20Buku%20Ajar/BUKU%20METODOLOGI%20RISET%20HUKUM.pdf

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. (2023). Ensuring human rights compliance in cybercrime investigations: OSCE training guide for criminal justice practitioners. https://cdn.osce.org/sites/default/files/f/documents/e/3/554901.pdf

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2023 tentang Pelindungan Konsumen dan Masyarakat di Sektor Jasa Keuangan.https://www.ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Documents/Pages/Pelindungan-Konsumen-dan-Masyarakat-di-Sektor-Jasa-Keuangan/POJK%2022%20Tahun%202023%20Pelindungan%20Konsumen%20dan%20Masyarakat%20di%20Sektor%20Jasa%20Keuangan.pdf

Prayoga, A. Banit II Satreskrim Polres Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan. Wawancara oleh penulis di Polres Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Muaradua, pada tahun 2026.

Republik Indonesia. (2022). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 196, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6820. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022

Republik Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023 Nomor 1, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6842. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/234935/uu-no-1-tahun-2023

Republik Indonesia. (2024). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024 Nomor 1, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6905. https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/884/t/undangundang%2Bnomor%2B1%2Btahun%2B2024

Republik Indonesia. (2024). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024 Nomor 1, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6905. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/274494/uu-no-1-tahun-2024

Republik Indonesia. (2025). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 188, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 7149. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/337302/uu-no-20-tahun-2025

Republik Indonesia. (2026). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 tentang Penyesuaian Pidana. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2026 Nomor 1, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 7153. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/337869/uu-no-1-tahun-2026

Republik Indonesia. (2026). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2026 tentang Pelindungan Saksi dan Korban. Database Peraturan BPK. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/349942/uu-no-3-tahun-2026

Sa'diyah, N. K., Kartoningrat, R. B., & Enggarsasi, U. (2026). Toward a victim-oriented digital justice model: Legal protection for personal data misuse under the Personal Data Protection Law. Jurnal Hukum, 42(2), 284–313. https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v42i2.48829

Saputra, R. Masyarakat Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan. Wawancara oleh penulis di di Ulu Selatan Tahun 2026.

Shany, Y. (2023). Digital rights and the outer limits of international human rights law. German Law Journal, 24(3), 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.35

Sitabuana, T. H., Adhari, A., Suryani, L. S., Sanjaya, D., & Amri, I. F. (2024). Measuring the effectiveness of private electronic system organizers regulations in developing social media equilibrium. LAW REFORM, 19(2), 344–371. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i2.56534

Sun, J., & Gu, S. (2025). Responsive policing for cyberfraud prevention: An empirical inquiry into the regulatory pyramid to protect cyberfraud victims in China. Policing and Society, 36(2), 232–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2025.2548237

 Suseno, S., Ramli, A. M., Mayana, R. F., Safiranita, T., & Tiarma, B. A. N. (2025). Cybercrime in the new criminal code in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), Article 2439543. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2439543

Syarif, M., Ramadhani, R., Graha, M. A. W., Yanuaria, T., Muhtar, M. H., Asmah, N., Syahril, M. A. F., Utami, R. D., Rustan, A., Nasution, H. S., Putera, A., Wilhelmus, K., & Jannah, M. (2024). Metode penelitian hukum. Get Press Indonesia. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamad-Hidayat-Muhtar/publication/381460823_METODE_PENELITIAN_HUKUM/links/666e76f8de777205a32ff37b/METODE-PENELITIAN-HUKUM.pdf

Ubwarin, E., Nelson, F. M., Jatna, R. N., & Soplantila, V. D. (2026). Reconstructing the role of confiscation and seizure in realizing the right to restitution for victims of criminal acts. LAW REFORM, 22(1), 294–314. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v22i1.73378

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. (2025). Access to justice in the digital age: Empowering victims of cybercrime in Africa. https://www.unicri.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/Access-Justice-Digital-Age-Empowering-Victims-Africa_0.pdf

United Nations. (2024). United Nations Convention against Cybercrime. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/cybercrime/convention/text/convention-full-text.html

 Utami, P. D. Y., & Purwanti, N. P. (2025). Strengthening legal protections against social engineering in digital banking: Challenges, gaps, and recommendations. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 54(2), 214–226. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.54.2.2025.214-226

Wawan, A. S. Banit II Satreskrim Polres Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan. Wawancara oleh penulis di Polres Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Muaradua, pada tahu 2026.

Whelan, C., Harkin, D., Martin, J., Miccelli, M., & Villeneuve-Dubuc, M.-P. (2025). Expertise integration in cybercrime policing: Exploring civilian career lifecycles. Deviant Behavior, 46(9), 1213–1230. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2024.2357810

Whitty, M. T. (2025). A systematic literature review of profiling victims of cyber scams: Setting up a framework for future research. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), Article 2563781. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2563781

Yuswanto, E. Masyarakat Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan. Wawancara oleh penulis di Ulu Selatan Tahun 2026.

Zamroni, Z., & Basri, B. (2024). Legal protection for victims of cybercrime as a form of transnational crime. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 9(1), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v9i1.8288