Menilai Peranan Pengeluaran Makanan, Pendapatan Per Kapita, dan Pembangunan Manusia dalam Dinamika Kemiskinan di Jawa Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/best.v6i3.73385Keywords:
Kemiskinan, Pengeluaran Makanan, Pendapatan Per Kapita, IPM, Jawa TimurAbstract
Perbaikan kapasitas ekonomi dan pembangunan manusia di Jawa Timur belum sepenuhnya diikuti oleh kondisi kemiskinan yang merata antardaerah. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pengeluaran makanan, pendapatan per kapita, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) terhadap kemiskinan di 38 kabupaten/kota Jawa Timur selama 2021–2025. Analisis menggunakan data sekunder Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) yang disusun dalam balanced panel sebanyak 190 observasi. Estimasi dilakukan dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) yang mengakomodasi efek tahun dan cluster-robust standard errors. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa persentase pengeluaran makanan memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan kemiskinan. Pendapatan per kapita yang diproksikan dengan PDRB per kapita ADHK 2010 juga menunjukkan hubungan positif dan signifikan, berlawanan dengan arah yang diharapkan dalam hipotesis. Sementara itu, IPM tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kemiskinan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan di Jawa Timur berkaitan dengan struktur pengeluaran rumah tangga dan kapasitas ekonomi daerah, sedangkan hubungan IPM dengan kemiskinan belum terbukti signifikan secara statistik. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan perlu memadukan perlindungan daya beli, pemerataan manfaat perkembangan ekonomi, serta peningkatan kualitas manusia yang didukung oleh perluasan kesempatan ekonomi produktif
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