We uphold the highest standards of ethical publishing and transparency. All authors, reviewers, and editors involved in the publication process are expected to disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest that could influence, or be perceived to influence, the objectivity or integrity of the work.

Definition

A conflict of interest may arise when an individual’s personal, financial, academic, or professional affiliations could affect their judgment or actions concerning the submitted manuscript. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Financial relationships (e.g., employment, grants, consultancy, stock ownership, honoraria, or paid expert testimony).

• Personal relationships or rivalries.

• Academic competition or intellectual passion.

• Institutional affiliations that may be seen as influencing the outcomes or interpretation of the research.

Disclosure for Authors

Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest at the time of submission. If no conflict exists, authors should explicitly state:
"The authors declare no conflict of interest."

Failure to disclose relevant conflicts may result in manuscript rejection or retraction if conflicts are discovered post-publication.

Disclosure for Reviewers and Editors

Reviewers and editors are also required to declare any conflicts that may compromise their impartiality. Reviewers must recuse themselves from reviewing manuscripts where such conflicts exist. Editors will reassign submissions if conflicts are identified.

Transparency and Trust

All declared conflicts of interest will be published in the final article to ensure transparency for readers. By requiring full disclosure, [Journal Name] aims to promote trust, credibility, and accountability in academic publishing.