Perbandingan Karakteristik Biofoam Berbahan Dasar Pati Sagu Dan Limbah Ampas Tebu Dengan Dan Tanpa Penambahan Polyvinil Alkohol (Pva) Sebagai Kandidat Material Kemasan Biodegradable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/sainfis.v6i2.71389Keywords:
biofom, biodegradable, pati sagu, ampas tebu, polyvinyl alcohol, kemasan panganAbstract
The use of styrofoam (expanded polystyrene) as food packaging poses health risks due to the migration of styrene monomers and environmental problems because it is difficult to degrade. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a biodegradable biofoam based on sago starch (Metroxylon sp.) reinforced with sugarcane bagasse fiber, and to evaluate the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) addition on its characteristics. Two formulations were prepared using a baking process method at 100 °C for 120 minutes: Sample A (with 10 g PVA) and Sample B (without PVA), with a fixed composition of 129 g sago starch, 43 g sugarcane bagasse fiber, 50 mL glycerin, 10 g ZnO, and 150 mL distilled water. Characterization included descriptive organoleptic testing, water absorption testing (5, 10, 15 minutes), leakage testing (30 minutes), and a soil burial biodegradability test (14 days, burial depth 15–20 cm). The organoleptic test results showed that both samples had a rough surface, a light-brown color attributed to the Maillard reaction and lignin content, good flexibility, and no pungent odor. The water absorption test showed that Sample B had better water resistance (0% at 5, 10, and 15 minutes) compared to Sample A (0%; 0.2%; 0.5%). The leakage test showed leakage occurring at the 13th minute (Sample A) and the 15th minute (Sample B), attributed to porosity and micro-cracks resulting from manual molding. The biodegradability test showed that both samples fully decomposed by day 11, with Sample B degrading faster than Sample A. The addition of PVA tended to increase local hydrophilicity due to incomplete dispersion and to slow biodegradation because of increased matrix crystallinity. The formulation without PVA showed a better overall balance of characteristics as a candidate biodegradable packaging material.
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