Hassan Hanafi’s Actual Theology: From Anthropocentrism to Revolution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/jad.v25i2a10Keywords:
Actual, Anthropocentric, Phenomenology, Theocentric, TheologyAbstract
Religion in the contemporary era is often predicted to lose its relevance, as human dependency on transcendence is replaced by material progress and routine practices. Theocentric discourse dominates theological studies while social reality receives insufficient attention. This research aims to explain Hassan Hanafi’s concept of actual theology as a liberation-oriented alternative capable of reconnecting faith with concrete social struggle. This research employs qualitative library research using phenomenology as the analytical framework, centered on Hassan Hanafi’s primary text Min al-ʿAqīdah ilā al-Thawrah and supported by his project al-Turāth wa al-Tajdīd. The findings show that Hanafi reconstructs Islamic theology by shifting its epistemological axis from a purely theocentric-dogmatic orientation toward a theological anthropocentrism focused on justice, liberation, and historical agency. The research concludes that Hanafi’s actual theology offers a transformative paradigm: from creed to revolution, from metaphysical doctrines to social emancipation, providing a substantive contribution to contemporary Islamic theological reform.
ملخص
غالبًا ما يُتوقع أن يفقد الدين في العصر الحديث أهميته مع استبدال الاعتماد البشري على التعالي بالتقدم المادي والروتين. كما تُركز الدراسات اللاهوتية بشكل أكبر على مسألة الله وحده، تاركةً الواقع الاجتماعي البشري دون تطور. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى شرح المفهوم اللاهوتي الحالي لحسن حنفي كشكل من أشكال لاهوت التحرير الذي يسعى إلى ربط الإيمان بالنضالات الاجتماعية الملموسة. تعتمد هذه الدراسة على مراجعة نوعية للأدبيات وتحليل ظاهراتي من خلال دراسة نقدية لعمله الرئيسي، "من العقيدة إلى الثورة"، ومشروعه "التراث والتجديد". تُظهر النتائج أن حنفي أعاد بناء اللاهوت الإسلامي بتحويل توجهه المعرفي من لاهوت مركزي-عقائدي إلى لاهوت مركزي-بشري، مُركزًا على العدالة والتحرير والدور التاريخي للبشر. تخلص هذه الدراسة إلى أن الفقه الحنفي يقدم نموذجًا تحوليًا: من العقيدة إلى الثورة، ومن المذهب الميتافيزيقي إلى التحرر الاجتماعي، مما يُسهم إسهامًا كبيرًا في تجديد الفقه الإسلامي المعاصر
Abstrak
Agama pada era kontemporer kerap diprediksi kehilangan relevansinya karena ketergantungan manusia pada aspek transendensi semakin digantikan oleh kemajuan material dan rutinitas. Studi-studi teologi juga lebih banyak berkutat pada persoalan Tuhan semata, sehingga realitas sosial manusia kurang mendapatkan tempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep teologi aktual Hassan Hanafi sebagai bentuk teologi pembebasan yang berupaya menghubungkan akidah dengan perjuangan sosial yang konkret. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan analisis fenomenologis melalui telaah kritis terhadap karya utama Min al-ʿAqīdah ilā al-Thawrah serta proyek al-Turāth wa al-Tajdīd. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hanafi melakukan rekonstruksi teologi Islam dengan menggeser orientasi epistemologisnya dari teosentris-dogmatis menuju teologi antroposentris yang berfokus pada keadilan, pembebasan, dan peran historis manusia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teologi aktual Hanafi menawarkan paradigma transformatif: dari akidah menuju revolusi, dari doktrin metafisik menuju emansipasi sosial, sehingga memberikan kontribusi signifikan bagi pembaruan teologi Islam kontemporer.
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References
Aisyah. 2011. “Hassan Hanafi dan Gagasan Pembaruannya.” Sulesana: Wawasan Keislaman 6(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/.v6i2.1402.
Akhtar, Shabbin. 2002. Merancang Teologi Pembebasan Islam. Bandung: Nusa.
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