Genetic diversity and population structure of Indonesian foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) germplasm revealed by SSR markers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v14i1.62275Keywords:
Foxtail millet, Genetic diversity, Microsatellite markers, Germplasm, IndonesiaAbstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Indonesia, yet genetic information on Indonesian germplasm remains limited. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of 21 foxtail millet accessions collected from five Indonesian provinces using 30 polymorphic SSR markers distributed across nine chromosomes. DNA was extracted from 12-14-day-old seedlings and amplified by PCR with annealing temperatures ranging from 50 to 57°C. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated using PowerMarker v3.25, while cluster analysis, genetic distance matrices, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) were performed using NTSYS-pc 2.1. Cophenetic correlation analysis was conducted using WinBoot software. Results revealed moderate to high genetic diversity with PIC values ranging from 0.09 (b190) to 0.78 (p16, b247, b223), averaging 0.54. A total of 100 alleles were detected with 2-6 alleles per locus. UPGMA-based cluster analysis grouped the germplasm into two main clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.28, with Cluster I containing 11 accessions and Cluster II containing 10 accessions. Genetic distance values ranged from 0.11 (Minna' and Lasse') to 0.87 (ICE-276-12B-1 and Balla Pulut/Wete), indicating substantial genetic variation. PCA analysis confirmed the clustering pattern, with a strong cophenetic correlation (r = 0.81; good fit).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ramlah Ramlah, Marcia Bunga Pabendon , Budi Setiadi Daryono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE STATEMENT
COPYRIGHT
Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. Authors hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restriction to their work. Users may read, download, copy, distribute, and print the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LICENSE TO PUBLISH
1. License
The use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the users are free to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content for any purpose, even commercially, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the corresponding author warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this statement.
5. Miscellaneous
Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
