Conflict of Interest Policy

This journal is dedicated to maintaining integrity, impartiality, and openness at every stage of the scholarly publishing process. Accordingly, all authors are obligated to declare truthfully any conflict of interest that could affect the conduct of the research, the interpretation of results, or the preparation of the manuscript.

A conflict of interest may arise from financial ties, professional associations, institutional connections, personal involvement, or other circumstances that may reasonably be perceived as influencing the objectivity of the work, either directly or indirectly. These may include, among others, research grants, consultancy fees, honoraria, stock or share ownership, institutional sponsorship, or relationships with persons or entities that could derive benefit from the publication of the manuscript.

At the time of submission, each manuscript must be accompanied by a conflict of interest statement from the authors. Where no such conflict exists, the authors must clearly declare that the study and its publication were conducted without any conflict of interest. This declaration must be incorporated into the authorship statement form and signed by the corresponding author or principal author.

Editors, reviewers, and all individuals engaged in the editorial and peer-review process are likewise expected to refrain from participating in situations involving competing interests. Should a potential conflict of interest be identified, the person concerned must recuse themselves from the assessment, review, or editorial decision-making process for the manuscript.

The purpose of conflict of interest disclosure is to ensure transparency for readers, preserve public confidence in scholarly communication, and support a fair, independent, and transparent evaluation of all submitted work. The editor will present the declared conflict of interest statement in the final published version of the article.