KEBIJAKAN PEMIMPIN NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAIDAH FIKIH : TASARRUF AL-IMAM MANUTUN BIL MASLAHAH
Abstract
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan jawaban terhadap geneologi akar kata kaidah تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ, menemukan jawaban atas sumber perumusan kaidah ini dan menemukan jawaban terhadap prinsip kemaslahatan yang terkandung dalam sebuah prodak perundang-undangan negara. Pendekatan normatif terhadap nas Alquran dan hadis dan hasil ijtihad ulama, pendekatan sosiologis serta pendekatan filosofis terhadap objek penelitian terkait kebijakan pemimpin negara dalam perspektif kaidah fikih تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga hal penting yaitu; 1) geneologi akar kata kaidah ini yaitu; تَصَرُّف yang berarti memalingkan, الْأِمَاِم berarti pemimpin, الرَّاعِيَّةِ berarti rakyat dan مَنُوْطٌ berarti diikat serta الْمَصْلَحَةِ berarti kemaslahatan. 2) Sumber pembentukan kaidah تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ berasal dari fatwa Imam Asy-Syafi’i, yaitu مَنْزِلَةُ اْلاِمَامِ مِنَ الرَّعِيِّةِ مَنْزِلَةُ الْوَلِىِّ مِنَ الْيَتِيْم. 3) Ada lima bentuk kemaslahatan dalam kaidah تَصَرُّفُ الْأِمَاِم عَلَى الرَّاعِيَّةِ مَنُوْطٌ بِالْمَصْلَحَةِ , yaitu kemaslahatan terhadap agama, kemaslahatan jiwa, kemaslahatan akal, kemaslahatan keturunan dan kemaslahatan harta.
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