Reassessing Kafā’ah and ‘Urf in Sayyid Marriage Practices: The Al-Aidid Clan of South Sulawesi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-daulah.v15i1.66758Keywords:
Wedding Traditions, Al-Aidid Clan, Kafa’ah, Nasab, Islamic Family Law, ‘Urf, South SulawesiAbstract
Research Objective: Drawing on the Islamic jurisprudential theories of kafā’ah (spousal compatibility) and ‘urf (custom), this study reassesses the endogamous marriage practices of the Al-Aidid Sayyid clan (marga Al-Aidid) in Panyangkalang Village, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, a community that restricts the marriage of syarifah (women of Sayyid descent) to Sayyid men. Research Method: This qualitative study combines normative-syar’i and sociological approaches, drawing on semi-structured interviews with seven key informants, participant observation of four weddings, documentary analysis of Islamic legal texts, and a supplementary community survey (n=47). Results: The Al-Aidid wedding stages are largely consistent with the pillars and conditions of Islamic marriage. The endogamy rule constitutes a customary social norm (‘urf ijtimā’i) rather than a jurisprudential condition for marriage validity; across the four Sunni maẓāhib, it aligns with kafā’ah in nasab but is not an absolute prohibition. Findings and Implications: Community perceptions of the tradition are internally differentiated, a nuance largely absent from prior scholarship on comparable Sayyid communities. The tradition qualifies as urf fāsid provided it does not coerce individuals, though enforcement through social exclusion risks crossing into ‘urf fāsid. Conclusion: The Islamic legal classification of the endogamy tradition depends less on the content of the custom than on its mode of enforcement: the preference for Sayyid partners is permissible, while the sanction of social exclusion is not. Contribution: This study offers the first systematic ethnographic and jurisprudential analysis of the Al-Aidid community and contributes to ‘urf theory by showing that a custom’s permissibility may depend on its enforcement rather than its content alone. Limitations and Suggestions: Findings are limited to a single village and a purposive sample; comparative research across Sayyid communities and structured community-scholar consultation forums are recommended.
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Fakhyadi, Defel, and Muhammad Adib Samsudin. “Islamic Law Meets Minangkabau Customs: Navigating Forbidden Marriages in Tanah Datar.” El-Mashlahah 14, no. 1 (March 23, 2024): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v14i1.7364.
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FUCHS, SIMON WOLFGANG. “Legalised Pedigrees: Sayyids and Shiʽi Islam in Pakistan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 30, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 489–504. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186320000036.
Gill, Aisha K., and Taher Hamed. “Muslim Women and Forced Marriages in the UK.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 36, no. 4 (October 30, 2016): 540–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2016.1260324.
Hafidzi, Anwar, and Nurdin Nurdin. “The Concept of Kafa’ah as the Pre-Requirement of Banjar Community Marriage.” Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 4, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 37. https://doi.org/10.30659/jua.v4i1.10959.
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Hasyim, Muh. Fathoni, Liliek Channa AW, and Moh. Mufid. “THE WALAGARA MARRIAGE RITUAL: The Negotiation between Islamic Law and Custom in Tengger.” JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 139. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2020.14.1.139-162.
Hazim, Mahbobullah, and Abdulaziz Nazari. “The Negative Consequences of Gender Mixing and Its Rulings in Islamic Shariah.” Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 4 (July 5, 2023): 6–19. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.4.2.
Inayatillah, Inayatillah, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor, Asy’ari Asy’ari, and Muhammad Faisal. “Social History of Islamic Law from Gender Perspective in Aceh: A Study of Marriage Traditions in South Aceh, Indonesia.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 573. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.14598.
Irfan, Agus, and Muhammad Saeful Amri. “Kafā’ah in Kiai Ṣāliḥ Darat’s Perspective.” Al-Ahkam 30, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 61. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2020.30.1.5072.
Ismail, Muhamad, Robitho Alam Hadi Faisal, and Zainur Zainur. “Marriage and Divorce in Islamic Law: Sociological Implications for Modern Muslim Societies.” Journal of Islamic Law El Madani 4, no. 1 (February 11, 2025): 25–37. https://doi.org/10.55438/jile.v4i1.142.
Jadalhaq, Iyad Mohammad, and Luigi Russi. “Finding Direction at the Edge of Law and Life: Islamic Fiqh , Correspondence, and UAE Takāful Insurance Regulation.” Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 35, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 477–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2020.19.
Jawad, Haifaa, and Ayse Elmali-Karakaya. “Interfaith Marriages in Islam from a Woman’s Perspective: Turkish Women’s Interfaith Marriage Practices in the United Kingdom.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 128–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2020.1737415.
Laksana, Dhelima Putri, Dominikus Rato, and Emi Zulaikha. “The Cost of Panai’ as the Marriage Requirement for the Migrant Bugis Tribe under Adat Law.” Indonesian Journal of Law and Society 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 57. https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v1i1.16769.
Mazaya, Ayda, Rokhu Dlotul Laeliyah, and Widodo Hami. “KAFAAH DALAM PERNIKAHAN UNTUK MEMBENTUK KEHARMONISAN RUMAH TANGGA.” Al-Usroh : Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 2, no. 01 (July 30, 2024): 9–17. https://doi.org/10.55799/alusroh.v2i01.330.
Mirwan, Mirwan, Mohammad Firmansyah, Faishal Agil Al Munawar, and Abdul Fajri Kolopita. “Endogamous Marriages in Kiai Sukorejo’s Family: Sufi Social Fiqh Transformation and Implications for Islamic Jurisprudence.” Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah 21, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 224. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v21i2.2363.
Muhammad Ifzal Mehmood, and Noraini Binti Md Hashim. “MARRIAGE WITHOUT WALI’S CONSENT: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE FAMILY STRUCTURE OF PAKISTAN.” IIUM Law Journal 29, no. (S1) (May 12, 2021): 135–51. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i(S1).639.
Muhsin, Sayyed Mohamed. “Islamic Jurisprudence on Harm Versus Harm Scenarios in Medical Confidentiality.” HEC Forum 36, no. 2 (June 7, 2024): 291–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-022-09503-w.
Mustafa, Adriana, and Arwini Bahram. “Relasi Gender Dalam Pernikahan Keturunan Sayyid Di Desa Cikoang, Kabupaten Takalar: Studi Kasus Perbandingan Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Adat.” Mazahibuna, December 23, 2020, 241–54. https://doi.org/10.24252/mh.v2i2.18137.
Muthoifin, Al-Gifari, Ishmah Afiyah, Edwards Geraldine, and Muchammad Taufiq Affandi. “The Practice of Paneta Mawinne in The Sumbanese Tribe of East Nusa Tenggara: Perspective of Islamic Law.” International Journal of Law and Society (IJLS) 3, no. 3 (December 25, 2024): 238–54. https://doi.org/10.59683/ijls.v3i3.138.
NIAZI, SOHEB. “Sayyids and Social Stratification of Muslims in Colonial India: Genealogy and Narration of the Past in Amroha.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 30, no. 3 (July 18, 2020): 467–87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186320000358.
Nisa, Sururiyah Wasiatun. “Akad Nikah Online Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Hukum Islam 21, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 302. https://doi.org/10.24014/jhi.v21i2.11734.
Opwis, Felicitas. “New Trends in Islamic Legal Theory: Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿa as a New Source of Law?” Die Welt Des Islams 57, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00571p03.
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Published
2026-06-30
How to Cite
Abidin, Z., & Safaa Falih Abd Ulkadhim. (2026). Reassessing Kafā’ah and ‘Urf in Sayyid Marriage Practices: The Al-Aidid Clan of South Sulawesi. Al-Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 15(1), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-daulah.v15i1.66758
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Copyright (c) 2026 Zaenal Abidin, Safaa Falih Abd Ulkadhim
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