Date Log
Submitted
30 November 2019
Accepted
23 December 2019
Published
23 December 2019
Determinants of Bank Performance in Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Henny Setyo Lestari
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2019): December
Abstract
This study aims to examine the determinants of commercial banks’ performances in Indonesia in the period 2008-2017 by their return on assets. Capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency and liquidity, and gross domestic product functioned as the predictors. The sample of this study was 25 conventional banks meeting the criteria of the purposive sampling method. The panel data with Eviews shows that asset quality has a negative effect and management efficiency has a positive impact on bank performance. Capital adequacy, liquidity, and gross domestic product growth rate do not affect the bank's performance. Managers need to tighten lending, carry out credit restructuring and manage the balance between assets and liabilities and, supervise credit.
Keywords
Asset Quality
Bank Performance
Capital Adequacy
Gross Domestic Product
Liquidity
Management Efficiency
Usman, B., & Lestari, H. S. (2019). Determinants of Bank Performance in Indonesia. Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide Dan Inspirasi, 6(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.24252/minds.v6i2.11282
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References
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Adeusi, S. O., Kolapo F. T., dan Aluko, A. O., (2014). Determinants of Commercial Banks Profitability. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2 (12), 1–18. http://ijecm.co.uk/
Ali, K., Akhtar, M. F., dan Ahmed, H. Z. M. F. (2011). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Indicators of Profitability -Empirical Evidence from the Commercial Banks of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (6), 235-242. https://www.researchgate.net/
Alkhatib, A., dan Harasheh, M. (2012). Financial Performance of Palestinian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (3), 175-184. http://ijbssnet.com/
Almumani, M. A. (2013). Impact of Managerial Factors on Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance, and Management Science, 3 (3), 298-310. http://hrmars.com/
Al-Tamimi, H. A. H. (2010). Factors Influencing Performance of The UAE Islamic and Conventional National Banks. Global Journal of Business Research, l.4 (2), 1-9. http://www.theibfr2.com/
Anbar, A., dan Alper, D. (2011). Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research, 2 (2), 1309-2448.https://www.berjournal.com/
Aspal, P. K., dan Dhawan, S. (2014). Financial Performance Assessment of Banking Sector in India : A Case Study of Old Private Sector Banks. The business and Management Review, 5 (3), 196–211. http://www.abrmr.com
Ayanda, A. M., Christoper, E. I., dan Mudhasiru, M. A. (2013). Determinants of Bank's Profitability in Developing Economy: Evidence from Nigeria Banking Indsutry. Interdisiplinary Journal of Contemporary Reserch Inbusiness, 4 , 155-181. https://journal-archieves27.webs.com/155-181.pdf
Boadi, E. K., Li, Y., dan Lartey, V. C. (2016). Role of Bank Specific, Macroeconomic and Risk Determinants of Banks Profitability : Empirical Evidence from Ghana ’s Rural Banking Industry. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(2) , 813–823. https://ideas.repec.org/
Boateng, K. (2018). Determinants of Bank Profitability : A Comparative Study of Indian and Ghanaian Banks. Journal of Emerging Technlogies and Innovative Research, 5 (5), 643–654. https://www.researchgate.net/
Eljelly, A. M. A. (2013). Internal and External of Determinants of Probability of Islamic Banks in Sudan : Evidence from Panel Data. Afro-Asian J. Finance and Accounting, 3 (3), 222–240. https://www.inderscienceonline.com/
Erina, J., dan Lace, N. (2013). Commercial Banks Profitability Indicators: Empirical Evidence from Latvia. IBIMA Business Review, 13, 1-9. https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/IBIMABR/2013/873515/
Haidary, Q., dan Abbey B. (2018). Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Afghanistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8 (1), pp.242–249. https://www.econjournals.com
Jha, S., dan Hui, X. (2012). Comparison of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks : A Case Study of Nepal. African Journal of Business Management, 6 (25), 7601-7611. http://www.academicjournals.org/
Katrodia, A. (2012). Coorporate Governance Practices in The Banking Sector. ABHINAV Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 1, 37-44. http://www.abhinavjournal.com/
Kingu, P. S., Macha, S., dan Gwahula, R. (2018). Impact of Non-Performing Loans on Bank’s Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Tanzania. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6 (1), 71–78. https://ijsrm.in/index.php/ijsrm/article/download/1257/1115/
Lelissa, T. B. (2014). The Determinants of Ethiopian Commercial Banks Performance. European Journal of Business and Managment, 6 (14), 52–63. www.iiste.org
Lipunga, A. M. (2014). Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Developing Countries: Evidence from Malawi. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5 (6), 41-49. https://www.academia.edu/7199973/
Menicucci, E., dan Paolucci, G. (2016). The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from European Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14 (1), 86-115. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/
Messai, A. S., Gallalim M. I., dan Jouini, F. (2015). Detereminant of Bank Profitability in Western European Countries Evidence from System GMM Estimates. International Business Research, 8 (7), 30-41. http://www.ccsenet.org/
Mills, E. F. E. A., dan Amowine, N. (2013). The Rural Bank Profitability Nexus : Evidence from Ghana. Internationl Journal of Applicant or Innovation in Engineering and Management, 12 (4), 506-513. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272171355
Nagaraju, Y., dan Boateng, K. (2018). Profitability Determinants of Savings and Loans Companies in Ghana: Evidence on Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants. International Journal of Management Studies, 5 (2), 51-60. http://www.researchersworld.com/ijms/
Nisar, S., Peng, K., Wang, S., dan Ashraf, B. N. (2018). The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries. International Journal of Financial Studies 6 (40), 1–25. https://www.mdpi.com/
Olweny, T., dan Shipho, T.M. (2011). Effect of Banking Sectoral Factors on The Profitability Of Commercial Banks in Kenya. Economics and Finance Review, 1 (5), 1–30. http://wwww.businessjournalz.org/efr
Ongore, V. O., dan Kusa, G. B. (2013). Determinants of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3 (1), 237–252. www.econjournals.com
Petria, N., Capraru, B., dan Ihnatov, L. (2015). Determinants of Bank's Profitability: Evidence from EU 27 Banking System, Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 518-524. https://www.researchgate.net/
Republika Indonesia.1998. Undang-Undang No.10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
Rim, E. K., dan Salem, C. G. (2018). Ranking and Rating Lebanese Commercial Banks : A CAMELS Framework. International Academic Journal of Accounting and Financial Management, 5 ( 4), 49–65. http://iaiest.com/
Saif-Alyousfi, A. Y. H., Saha, A., dan Md-Rus, R. (2017). Profitability of Saudi Commercial Banks: A Comparative Evaluation between Domestic and Foreign Banks Using CAMEL Parameters. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7 (2), 477–484. http://dergipark.gov.tr/
Sufian, F., dan Habibullah, M. S. (2009). Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from The ChinaBanking Sector. Frontiers of Economics in China, 4 (2), 274-291. https://link.springer.com/
Tan, Y., dan Floros, C. (2012). Banks Profitability and GDP Growth in China: a note . Journal of Chinese Economics and Business Studies, 10 (3), 267-273. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/
Tsz-Yi, K., Li Y., dan Yung-Ho, C. (2011). Analyzing for Profit Efficiency of Banks with Undesirable Output. African Journal of Business Management, 5 (20), 8141–8149. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM
Weersainghe, V. E. I. W., dan Perera, T. R. (2013). Determinants of Profitability of Commercial Banks in Srilanka. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2 (10), 141- 170. https://www.ijac.org.uk
Zainuddin, P., Wancik, Z., Rahman, S. A., Hartati, S., dan Rahman, F. A. (2017). Determinant of Financial Performance on Indonesian Banks Through Return on Assets. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 15 (20), 243–251. https://www.researchgate.net/
Zheng, C., Rahman, M. M., Begum, M., dan Ashraf, B. N. (2017). Capital Regulation , the Cost of Financial Intermediation and Bank Profitability : Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 10 (9), 1–24. https://www.mdpi.com/
www.bps.co.id
www.idx.co.id
https://m.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/3526017/kata-sri-mulyani-soal-peranan perbankan-dalam-mendorong-ekonomi-ri (diakses pada 14 Oktober 2018)
References
Adeusi, S. O., Kolapo F. T., dan Aluko, A. O., (2014). Determinants of Commercial Banks Profitability. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2 (12), 1–18. http://ijecm.co.uk/
Ali, K., Akhtar, M. F., dan Ahmed, H. Z. M. F. (2011). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Indicators of Profitability -Empirical Evidence from the Commercial Banks of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (6), 235-242. https://www.researchgate.net/
Alkhatib, A., dan Harasheh, M. (2012). Financial Performance of Palestinian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (3), 175-184. http://ijbssnet.com/
Almumani, M. A. (2013). Impact of Managerial Factors on Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance, and Management Science, 3 (3), 298-310. http://hrmars.com/
Al-Tamimi, H. A. H. (2010). Factors Influencing Performance of The UAE Islamic and Conventional National Banks. Global Journal of Business Research, l.4 (2), 1-9. http://www.theibfr2.com/
Anbar, A., dan Alper, D. (2011). Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research, 2 (2), 1309-2448.https://www.berjournal.com/
Aspal, P. K., dan Dhawan, S. (2014). Financial Performance Assessment of Banking Sector in India : A Case Study of Old Private Sector Banks. The business and Management Review, 5 (3), 196–211. http://www.abrmr.com
Ayanda, A. M., Christoper, E. I., dan Mudhasiru, M. A. (2013). Determinants of Bank's Profitability in Developing Economy: Evidence from Nigeria Banking Indsutry. Interdisiplinary Journal of Contemporary Reserch Inbusiness, 4 , 155-181. https://journal-archieves27.webs.com/155-181.pdf
Boadi, E. K., Li, Y., dan Lartey, V. C. (2016). Role of Bank Specific, Macroeconomic and Risk Determinants of Banks Profitability : Empirical Evidence from Ghana ’s Rural Banking Industry. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(2) , 813–823. https://ideas.repec.org/
Boateng, K. (2018). Determinants of Bank Profitability : A Comparative Study of Indian and Ghanaian Banks. Journal of Emerging Technlogies and Innovative Research, 5 (5), 643–654. https://www.researchgate.net/
Eljelly, A. M. A. (2013). Internal and External of Determinants of Probability of Islamic Banks in Sudan : Evidence from Panel Data. Afro-Asian J. Finance and Accounting, 3 (3), 222–240. https://www.inderscienceonline.com/
Erina, J., dan Lace, N. (2013). Commercial Banks Profitability Indicators: Empirical Evidence from Latvia. IBIMA Business Review, 13, 1-9. https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/IBIMABR/2013/873515/
Haidary, Q., dan Abbey B. (2018). Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Afghanistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8 (1), pp.242–249. https://www.econjournals.com
Jha, S., dan Hui, X. (2012). Comparison of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks : A Case Study of Nepal. African Journal of Business Management, 6 (25), 7601-7611. http://www.academicjournals.org/
Katrodia, A. (2012). Coorporate Governance Practices in The Banking Sector. ABHINAV Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 1, 37-44. http://www.abhinavjournal.com/
Kingu, P. S., Macha, S., dan Gwahula, R. (2018). Impact of Non-Performing Loans on Bank’s Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Tanzania. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6 (1), 71–78. https://ijsrm.in/index.php/ijsrm/article/download/1257/1115/
Lelissa, T. B. (2014). The Determinants of Ethiopian Commercial Banks Performance. European Journal of Business and Managment, 6 (14), 52–63. www.iiste.org
Lipunga, A. M. (2014). Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Developing Countries: Evidence from Malawi. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5 (6), 41-49. https://www.academia.edu/7199973/
Menicucci, E., dan Paolucci, G. (2016). The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from European Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14 (1), 86-115. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/
Messai, A. S., Gallalim M. I., dan Jouini, F. (2015). Detereminant of Bank Profitability in Western European Countries Evidence from System GMM Estimates. International Business Research, 8 (7), 30-41. http://www.ccsenet.org/
Mills, E. F. E. A., dan Amowine, N. (2013). The Rural Bank Profitability Nexus : Evidence from Ghana. Internationl Journal of Applicant or Innovation in Engineering and Management, 12 (4), 506-513. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272171355
Nagaraju, Y., dan Boateng, K. (2018). Profitability Determinants of Savings and Loans Companies in Ghana: Evidence on Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants. International Journal of Management Studies, 5 (2), 51-60. http://www.researchersworld.com/ijms/
Nisar, S., Peng, K., Wang, S., dan Ashraf, B. N. (2018). The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries. International Journal of Financial Studies 6 (40), 1–25. https://www.mdpi.com/
Olweny, T., dan Shipho, T.M. (2011). Effect of Banking Sectoral Factors on The Profitability Of Commercial Banks in Kenya. Economics and Finance Review, 1 (5), 1–30. http://wwww.businessjournalz.org/efr
Ongore, V. O., dan Kusa, G. B. (2013). Determinants of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3 (1), 237–252. www.econjournals.com
Petria, N., Capraru, B., dan Ihnatov, L. (2015). Determinants of Bank's Profitability: Evidence from EU 27 Banking System, Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 518-524. https://www.researchgate.net/
Republika Indonesia.1998. Undang-Undang No.10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
Rim, E. K., dan Salem, C. G. (2018). Ranking and Rating Lebanese Commercial Banks : A CAMELS Framework. International Academic Journal of Accounting and Financial Management, 5 ( 4), 49–65. http://iaiest.com/
Saif-Alyousfi, A. Y. H., Saha, A., dan Md-Rus, R. (2017). Profitability of Saudi Commercial Banks: A Comparative Evaluation between Domestic and Foreign Banks Using CAMEL Parameters. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7 (2), 477–484. http://dergipark.gov.tr/
Sufian, F., dan Habibullah, M. S. (2009). Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from The ChinaBanking Sector. Frontiers of Economics in China, 4 (2), 274-291. https://link.springer.com/
Tan, Y., dan Floros, C. (2012). Banks Profitability and GDP Growth in China: a note . Journal of Chinese Economics and Business Studies, 10 (3), 267-273. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/
Tsz-Yi, K., Li Y., dan Yung-Ho, C. (2011). Analyzing for Profit Efficiency of Banks with Undesirable Output. African Journal of Business Management, 5 (20), 8141–8149. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM
Weersainghe, V. E. I. W., dan Perera, T. R. (2013). Determinants of Profitability of Commercial Banks in Srilanka. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2 (10), 141- 170. https://www.ijac.org.uk
Zainuddin, P., Wancik, Z., Rahman, S. A., Hartati, S., dan Rahman, F. A. (2017). Determinant of Financial Performance on Indonesian Banks Through Return on Assets. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 15 (20), 243–251. https://www.researchgate.net/
Zheng, C., Rahman, M. M., Begum, M., dan Ashraf, B. N. (2017). Capital Regulation , the Cost of Financial Intermediation and Bank Profitability : Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 10 (9), 1–24. https://www.mdpi.com/
www.bps.co.id
www.idx.co.id
https://m.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/3526017/kata-sri-mulyani-soal-peranan perbankan-dalam-mendorong-ekonomi-ri (diakses pada 14 Oktober 2018)
Ali, K., Akhtar, M. F., dan Ahmed, H. Z. M. F. (2011). Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Indicators of Profitability -Empirical Evidence from the Commercial Banks of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (6), 235-242. https://www.researchgate.net/
Alkhatib, A., dan Harasheh, M. (2012). Financial Performance of Palestinian Commercial Banks. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (3), 175-184. http://ijbssnet.com/
Almumani, M. A. (2013). Impact of Managerial Factors on Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance, and Management Science, 3 (3), 298-310. http://hrmars.com/
Al-Tamimi, H. A. H. (2010). Factors Influencing Performance of The UAE Islamic and Conventional National Banks. Global Journal of Business Research, l.4 (2), 1-9. http://www.theibfr2.com/
Anbar, A., dan Alper, D. (2011). Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research, 2 (2), 1309-2448.https://www.berjournal.com/
Aspal, P. K., dan Dhawan, S. (2014). Financial Performance Assessment of Banking Sector in India : A Case Study of Old Private Sector Banks. The business and Management Review, 5 (3), 196–211. http://www.abrmr.com
Ayanda, A. M., Christoper, E. I., dan Mudhasiru, M. A. (2013). Determinants of Bank's Profitability in Developing Economy: Evidence from Nigeria Banking Indsutry. Interdisiplinary Journal of Contemporary Reserch Inbusiness, 4 , 155-181. https://journal-archieves27.webs.com/155-181.pdf
Boadi, E. K., Li, Y., dan Lartey, V. C. (2016). Role of Bank Specific, Macroeconomic and Risk Determinants of Banks Profitability : Empirical Evidence from Ghana ’s Rural Banking Industry. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(2) , 813–823. https://ideas.repec.org/
Boateng, K. (2018). Determinants of Bank Profitability : A Comparative Study of Indian and Ghanaian Banks. Journal of Emerging Technlogies and Innovative Research, 5 (5), 643–654. https://www.researchgate.net/
Eljelly, A. M. A. (2013). Internal and External of Determinants of Probability of Islamic Banks in Sudan : Evidence from Panel Data. Afro-Asian J. Finance and Accounting, 3 (3), 222–240. https://www.inderscienceonline.com/
Erina, J., dan Lace, N. (2013). Commercial Banks Profitability Indicators: Empirical Evidence from Latvia. IBIMA Business Review, 13, 1-9. https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/IBIMABR/2013/873515/
Haidary, Q., dan Abbey B. (2018). Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Afghanistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8 (1), pp.242–249. https://www.econjournals.com
Jha, S., dan Hui, X. (2012). Comparison of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks : A Case Study of Nepal. African Journal of Business Management, 6 (25), 7601-7611. http://www.academicjournals.org/
Katrodia, A. (2012). Coorporate Governance Practices in The Banking Sector. ABHINAV Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 1, 37-44. http://www.abhinavjournal.com/
Kingu, P. S., Macha, S., dan Gwahula, R. (2018). Impact of Non-Performing Loans on Bank’s Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Tanzania. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6 (1), 71–78. https://ijsrm.in/index.php/ijsrm/article/download/1257/1115/
Lelissa, T. B. (2014). The Determinants of Ethiopian Commercial Banks Performance. European Journal of Business and Managment, 6 (14), 52–63. www.iiste.org
Lipunga, A. M. (2014). Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Banks in Developing Countries: Evidence from Malawi. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5 (6), 41-49. https://www.academia.edu/7199973/
Menicucci, E., dan Paolucci, G. (2016). The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from European Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14 (1), 86-115. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/
Messai, A. S., Gallalim M. I., dan Jouini, F. (2015). Detereminant of Bank Profitability in Western European Countries Evidence from System GMM Estimates. International Business Research, 8 (7), 30-41. http://www.ccsenet.org/
Mills, E. F. E. A., dan Amowine, N. (2013). The Rural Bank Profitability Nexus : Evidence from Ghana. Internationl Journal of Applicant or Innovation in Engineering and Management, 12 (4), 506-513. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272171355
Nagaraju, Y., dan Boateng, K. (2018). Profitability Determinants of Savings and Loans Companies in Ghana: Evidence on Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants. International Journal of Management Studies, 5 (2), 51-60. http://www.researchersworld.com/ijms/
Nisar, S., Peng, K., Wang, S., dan Ashraf, B. N. (2018). The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Profitability and Stability: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries. International Journal of Financial Studies 6 (40), 1–25. https://www.mdpi.com/
Olweny, T., dan Shipho, T.M. (2011). Effect of Banking Sectoral Factors on The Profitability Of Commercial Banks in Kenya. Economics and Finance Review, 1 (5), 1–30. http://wwww.businessjournalz.org/efr
Ongore, V. O., dan Kusa, G. B. (2013). Determinants of Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3 (1), 237–252. www.econjournals.com
Petria, N., Capraru, B., dan Ihnatov, L. (2015). Determinants of Bank's Profitability: Evidence from EU 27 Banking System, Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 518-524. https://www.researchgate.net/
Republika Indonesia.1998. Undang-Undang No.10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
Rim, E. K., dan Salem, C. G. (2018). Ranking and Rating Lebanese Commercial Banks : A CAMELS Framework. International Academic Journal of Accounting and Financial Management, 5 ( 4), 49–65. http://iaiest.com/
Saif-Alyousfi, A. Y. H., Saha, A., dan Md-Rus, R. (2017). Profitability of Saudi Commercial Banks: A Comparative Evaluation between Domestic and Foreign Banks Using CAMEL Parameters. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7 (2), 477–484. http://dergipark.gov.tr/
Sufian, F., dan Habibullah, M. S. (2009). Bank Spesific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from The ChinaBanking Sector. Frontiers of Economics in China, 4 (2), 274-291. https://link.springer.com/
Tan, Y., dan Floros, C. (2012). Banks Profitability and GDP Growth in China: a note . Journal of Chinese Economics and Business Studies, 10 (3), 267-273. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/
Tsz-Yi, K., Li Y., dan Yung-Ho, C. (2011). Analyzing for Profit Efficiency of Banks with Undesirable Output. African Journal of Business Management, 5 (20), 8141–8149. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM
Weersainghe, V. E. I. W., dan Perera, T. R. (2013). Determinants of Profitability of Commercial Banks in Srilanka. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2 (10), 141- 170. https://www.ijac.org.uk
Zainuddin, P., Wancik, Z., Rahman, S. A., Hartati, S., dan Rahman, F. A. (2017). Determinant of Financial Performance on Indonesian Banks Through Return on Assets. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 15 (20), 243–251. https://www.researchgate.net/
Zheng, C., Rahman, M. M., Begum, M., dan Ashraf, B. N. (2017). Capital Regulation , the Cost of Financial Intermediation and Bank Profitability : Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 10 (9), 1–24. https://www.mdpi.com/
www.bps.co.id
www.idx.co.id
https://m.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/3526017/kata-sri-mulyani-soal-peranan perbankan-dalam-mendorong-ekonomi-ri (diakses pada 14 Oktober 2018)