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Copyright (c) 2025 Azade Asadi Damavandi, Hyacinth Balediata Bangero, Ghazale Asadi Damavandi (Author)

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The Influence of E-Wom on the Users’ Purchase Decision of M-Learning Apps
Corresponding Author(s) : Hyacinth Balediata Bangero
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Abstract
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- Aghakhani, N., Oh, O., Gregg, D., & Jain, H. (2022). How review quality and source credibility interacts to affect review usefulness: An expansion of the elaboration likelihood model. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(4), 1513-1531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10299-w
- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076477
- Alsheikh, D. H., Abd Aziz, N., & Alsheikh, L. H. (2021). The impact of electronic word of mouth on tourists visit intention to Saudi Arabia: Argument quality and source credibility as mediators. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(4)(10(4)), 1152-1168. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.154
- Anastasiei, B., Dospinescu, N., & Dospinescu, O. (2021). Understanding the adoption of Incentivized word-of-Mouth in the online environment. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 992-1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16040056
- Asadi Damavandi, A., & Ha, L. (2024). E–WOM and app stores in Iran: How online reviews influence purchase intention of paid mobile apps. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-02-2024-0069
- Bangero, H. B. (2023). EPuzsolved: Learning communication models through interactive online puzzles. Communication Teacher, 38(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2023.2288349
- Bhandari, M., & Pan, P. (2022). Underlying mechanisms of brand feedback's mixed effects in e-Commerce: Roles of perceived controllability, stability, and brand trust. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(9), 605-612. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0352
- Bhattacherjee, & Sanford. (2006). Influence processes for information technology acceptance: An elaboration likelihood model. MIS Quarterly, 30(4), 805. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148755
- Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 31. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.1014.abs
- Bilal, M., Jianqiu, Z., Dukhaykh, S., Fan, M., & Trunk, A. (2021). Understanding the effects of eWOM antecedents on online purchase intention in China. Information, 12(5), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12050192
- Caudill, J. G. (2007). The growth of M-learning and the growth of mobile computing: Parallel developments. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v8i2.348
- Chan, Y. Y., & Ngai, E. (2011). Conceptualising electronic word of mouth activity. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 29(5), 488-516. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501111153692
- Cheung, R. (2014). The influence of electronic word-of-Mouth on information adoption in online customer communities. Global Economic Review, 43(1), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508x.2014.884048
- Damavandi, A. G., Mohammmadkazemi, R., & Mojtaba, D. S. (2022). The impact of social media marketing on brand equity considering the mediating role of brand experience and social media benefits. Journal of International Business and Management, 5(12), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.37227/aricon-jibm-2022-11-6739
- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
- E-Learning Center. (2019, January 25). Mobile learning in 2019: Complete guide to mLearning. Retrieved August 26, 2019, from https://www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/mlearning
- Filieri, R. (2015). What makes online reviews helpful? A diagnosticity-adoption framework to explain informational and normative influences in e-WOM. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1261-1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.006
- Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10073
- Hsu, C., & Lin, J. C. (2008). Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social influence and knowledge sharing motivation. Information & Management, 45(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2007.11.001
- Hussain, A., O.C. Mkpojiogu, E., & Hassan, F. (2018). Dimensions and sub-dimensions for the evaluation of M-learning apps for children: A review. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.20), 291. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.19168
- Ismail, H. A. (2016). Intention to use smartphone through perceived compatibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v7i1.5748
- Kaushal, R. K., Bhardwaj, R., Kumar, N., Aljohani, A. A., Gupta, S. K., Singh, P., & Purohit, N. (2022). Using mobile computing to provide a smart and secure Internet of things (IoT) framework for medical applications. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8741357
- Kemp, S. (2023, February 13). The state of digital in Iran in 2023. Datareportal. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-iran
- Korucu, A. T., & Alkan, A. (2011). Differences between M-learning (mobile learning) and E-lEarning, basic terminology and usage of M-learning in education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1925-1930.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.029
- Lecinski, J. (2011). Winning the zero moment of truth: ZMOT. Zero Moment of Truth.
- Liao, Y., Wu, W., Le, T. Q., & Phung, T. T. (2022). The integration of the technology acceptance model and value-based adoption model to study the adoption of E-learning: The moderating role of e-WOM. Sustainability, 14(2), 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020815
- Miedany, Y. E. (2018). e-Learning, adaptive learning and mobile learning. In Rheumatology teaching: The art and science of medical education (pp. 235-258). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98213-7_13
- Oh, J., Koh, B., & Raghunathan, S. (2015). Value appropriation between the platform provider and app developers in mobile platform mediated networks. Journal of Information Technology, 30(3), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.21
- Oliveira, T., & Martins, M. F. (2011). Literature review of information technology adoption models at firm level. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 14(1), 110-121. https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejise/article/view/389/352
- O'Malley, C., Vavoula, G., Glew, J., Taylor, J., Sharples, M., & Lefrere, P. (2003). Guidelines for learning/teaching/tutoring in a mobile environment. http://www.mobilearn.org/download/results/guidelines.pdf
- Park, D., Lee, J., & Han, I. (2007). The effect of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: The moderating role of involvement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 125-148. https://doi.org/10.2753/jec1086-4415110405
- Petty, R. E., Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2002). Emotional factors in attitudes and persuasion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 752-772). Oxford University Press.
- Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Goldman, R. (1981). Personal involvement as a determinant of argument-based persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(5), 847-855. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.41.5.847
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 123-205). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
- PocketGamer. (2019, January 30). Low CPI and high ARPU: Iran, the fastest growing mobile apps market in the Middle East.
- https://www.pocketgamer.biz/asia/comment-and-opinion/69914/low-cpi-and-high-aru-iran-the-fastest-growing-mobile-apps-market-in-the-middle-east/
- Rahaman, M. A., Hassan, H. M., Asheq, A. A., & Islam, K. M. (2022). The interplay between eWOM information and purchase intention on social media: Through the lens of IAM and TAM theory. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0272926. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272926
- Reichelt, J., Sievert, J., & Jacob, F. (2013). How credibility affects eWOM reading: The influences of expertise, trustworthiness, and similarity on utilitarian and social functions. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1-2), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.797758
- Roy, S. (2017). App adoption and switching behavior: Applying the extended tam in smartphone app usage. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 14(2), 239-261. https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-17752017000200006
- Salehi-Esfahani, S., Ravichandran, S., Israeli, A., & Bolden III, E. (2016). Investigating information adoption tendencies based on restaurants’ user-generated content utilizing a modified information adoption model. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25(8), 925-953. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2016.1171190
- Sardar, A., Manzoor, A., Shaikh, K. A., & Ali, L. (2021). An empirical examination of the impact of eWOM information on young consumers’ online purchase intention: Mediating role of eWOM information adoption. SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110525. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211052547
- Sharples, M. (2006). Big issues in mobile learning. HAL Open Science. https://telearn.hal.science/hal-00190254/document
- Song, B. L., Liew, C. Y., Sia, J. Y., & Gopal, K. (2021). Electronic word-of-mouth in travel social networking sites and young consumers’ purchase intentions: An extended information adoption model. Young Consumers, 22(4), 521-538. https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-03-2021-1288
- Sotiriadis, M. D., & Van Zyl, C. (2013). Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in tourism services: The use of Twitter by tourists. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 103-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-013-9108-1
- StatCounter Global Stats. (2023). Mobile operating system market share Islamic Republic of Iran. https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/iran#mobile_os_combined-IR-mobile_os_combined-IRmobile_os_combined–bar-bar
- Statista. (2024). Forecasted expenditure on advanced education technology worldwide from 2018 to 2025.
- https://www-statista-com/statistics/1085930/edtech-expenditure-forecast/
- Statista. (2024). Size of the global e-learning market in 2019 and 2026. https://www.statista.com/topics/3115/e-learning-and-digital-education/
- Sussman, S. W., & Siegal, W. S. (2003). Informational influence in organizations: An integrated approach to knowledge adoption. Information Systems Research, 14(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.1.47.14767
- Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Scuotto, V., & Kaur, P. (2021). Barriers and paradoxical recommendation behaviour in online to offline (O2O) services. A convergent mixed-method study. Journal of Business Research, 131, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.049
- Tien, D. H., Amaya Rivas, A. A., & Liao, Y. (2019). Examining the influence of customer-to-customer electronic word-of-mouth on purchase intention in social networking sites. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(3), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.06.003
- Todoranova, L., & Penchev, B. (2019). International Conference Information and Communication Technologies in Business and Education. University of Economics - Varna. https://ue-varna.bg/uploads/filemanager/303/publishing-complex/2019/Information_communication_technologies_business_education_2019.pdf#page=188
- Tuten, T. L. (2023). Social media marketing (5th ed.). SAGE.
- Vo, T. H., & Wu, K. (2022). Exploring consumer adoption of mobile shopping apps from a perspective of elaboration likelihood model. International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications, 14(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.296577
- 90-121. http://llt.msu.edu/vol8num3/wang/
- Wang, Y. (2016). Information adoption model, a review of the literature. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4(11), 618-622. DOI: 10.18178/joebm.2016.4.11.462
- Yang, F. X. (2017). Effects of restaurant satisfaction and knowledge sharing motivation on eWOM intentions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(1), 93-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348013515918
References
Aghakhani, N., Oh, O., Gregg, D., & Jain, H. (2022). How review quality and source credibility interacts to affect review usefulness: An expansion of the elaboration likelihood model. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(4), 1513-1531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10299-w
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076477
Alsheikh, D. H., Abd Aziz, N., & Alsheikh, L. H. (2021). The impact of electronic word of mouth on tourists visit intention to Saudi Arabia: Argument quality and source credibility as mediators. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(4)(10(4)), 1152-1168. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.154
Anastasiei, B., Dospinescu, N., & Dospinescu, O. (2021). Understanding the adoption of Incentivized word-of-Mouth in the online environment. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(4), 992-1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16040056
Asadi Damavandi, A., & Ha, L. (2024). E–WOM and app stores in Iran: How online reviews influence purchase intention of paid mobile apps. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-02-2024-0069
Bangero, H. B. (2023). EPuzsolved: Learning communication models through interactive online puzzles. Communication Teacher, 38(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2023.2288349
Bhandari, M., & Pan, P. (2022). Underlying mechanisms of brand feedback's mixed effects in e-Commerce: Roles of perceived controllability, stability, and brand trust. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(9), 605-612. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0352
Bhattacherjee, & Sanford. (2006). Influence processes for information technology acceptance: An elaboration likelihood model. MIS Quarterly, 30(4), 805. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148755
Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 31. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.1014.abs
Bilal, M., Jianqiu, Z., Dukhaykh, S., Fan, M., & Trunk, A. (2021). Understanding the effects of eWOM antecedents on online purchase intention in China. Information, 12(5), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12050192
Caudill, J. G. (2007). The growth of M-learning and the growth of mobile computing: Parallel developments. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v8i2.348
Chan, Y. Y., & Ngai, E. (2011). Conceptualising electronic word of mouth activity. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 29(5), 488-516. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501111153692
Cheung, R. (2014). The influence of electronic word-of-Mouth on information adoption in online customer communities. Global Economic Review, 43(1), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508x.2014.884048
Damavandi, A. G., Mohammmadkazemi, R., & Mojtaba, D. S. (2022). The impact of social media marketing on brand equity considering the mediating role of brand experience and social media benefits. Journal of International Business and Management, 5(12), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.37227/aricon-jibm-2022-11-6739
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
E-Learning Center. (2019, January 25). Mobile learning in 2019: Complete guide to mLearning. Retrieved August 26, 2019, from https://www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/mlearning
Filieri, R. (2015). What makes online reviews helpful? A diagnosticity-adoption framework to explain informational and normative influences in e-WOM. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1261-1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.006
Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10073
Hsu, C., & Lin, J. C. (2008). Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social influence and knowledge sharing motivation. Information & Management, 45(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2007.11.001
Hussain, A., O.C. Mkpojiogu, E., & Hassan, F. (2018). Dimensions and sub-dimensions for the evaluation of M-learning apps for children: A review. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.20), 291. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.19168
Ismail, H. A. (2016). Intention to use smartphone through perceived compatibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v7i1.5748
Kaushal, R. K., Bhardwaj, R., Kumar, N., Aljohani, A. A., Gupta, S. K., Singh, P., & Purohit, N. (2022). Using mobile computing to provide a smart and secure Internet of things (IoT) framework for medical applications. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8741357
Kemp, S. (2023, February 13). The state of digital in Iran in 2023. Datareportal. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-iran
Korucu, A. T., & Alkan, A. (2011). Differences between M-learning (mobile learning) and E-lEarning, basic terminology and usage of M-learning in education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1925-1930.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.029
Lecinski, J. (2011). Winning the zero moment of truth: ZMOT. Zero Moment of Truth.
Liao, Y., Wu, W., Le, T. Q., & Phung, T. T. (2022). The integration of the technology acceptance model and value-based adoption model to study the adoption of E-learning: The moderating role of e-WOM. Sustainability, 14(2), 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020815
Miedany, Y. E. (2018). e-Learning, adaptive learning and mobile learning. In Rheumatology teaching: The art and science of medical education (pp. 235-258). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98213-7_13
Oh, J., Koh, B., & Raghunathan, S. (2015). Value appropriation between the platform provider and app developers in mobile platform mediated networks. Journal of Information Technology, 30(3), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.21
Oliveira, T., & Martins, M. F. (2011). Literature review of information technology adoption models at firm level. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 14(1), 110-121. https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejise/article/view/389/352
O'Malley, C., Vavoula, G., Glew, J., Taylor, J., Sharples, M., & Lefrere, P. (2003). Guidelines for learning/teaching/tutoring in a mobile environment. http://www.mobilearn.org/download/results/guidelines.pdf
Park, D., Lee, J., & Han, I. (2007). The effect of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: The moderating role of involvement. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), 125-148. https://doi.org/10.2753/jec1086-4415110405
Petty, R. E., Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2002). Emotional factors in attitudes and persuasion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 752-772). Oxford University Press.
Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Goldman, R. (1981). Personal involvement as a determinant of argument-based persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(5), 847-855. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.41.5.847
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 123-205). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60214-2
PocketGamer. (2019, January 30). Low CPI and high ARPU: Iran, the fastest growing mobile apps market in the Middle East.
Rahaman, M. A., Hassan, H. M., Asheq, A. A., & Islam, K. M. (2022). The interplay between eWOM information and purchase intention on social media: Through the lens of IAM and TAM theory. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0272926. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272926
Reichelt, J., Sievert, J., & Jacob, F. (2013). How credibility affects eWOM reading: The influences of expertise, trustworthiness, and similarity on utilitarian and social functions. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1-2), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.797758
Roy, S. (2017). App adoption and switching behavior: Applying the extended tam in smartphone app usage. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 14(2), 239-261. https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-17752017000200006
Salehi-Esfahani, S., Ravichandran, S., Israeli, A., & Bolden III, E. (2016). Investigating information adoption tendencies based on restaurants’ user-generated content utilizing a modified information adoption model. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25(8), 925-953. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2016.1171190
Sardar, A., Manzoor, A., Shaikh, K. A., & Ali, L. (2021). An empirical examination of the impact of eWOM information on young consumers’ online purchase intention: Mediating role of eWOM information adoption. SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110525. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211052547
Sharples, M. (2006). Big issues in mobile learning. HAL Open Science. https://telearn.hal.science/hal-00190254/document
Song, B. L., Liew, C. Y., Sia, J. Y., & Gopal, K. (2021). Electronic word-of-mouth in travel social networking sites and young consumers’ purchase intentions: An extended information adoption model. Young Consumers, 22(4), 521-538. https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-03-2021-1288
Sotiriadis, M. D., & Van Zyl, C. (2013). Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in tourism services: The use of Twitter by tourists. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 103-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-013-9108-1
StatCounter Global Stats. (2023). Mobile operating system market share Islamic Republic of Iran. https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/iran#mobile_os_combined-IR-mobile_os_combined-IRmobile_os_combined–bar-bar
Statista. (2024). Forecasted expenditure on advanced education technology worldwide from 2018 to 2025.
https://www-statista-com/statistics/1085930/edtech-expenditure-forecast/
Statista. (2024). Size of the global e-learning market in 2019 and 2026. https://www.statista.com/topics/3115/e-learning-and-digital-education/
Sussman, S. W., & Siegal, W. S. (2003). Informational influence in organizations: An integrated approach to knowledge adoption. Information Systems Research, 14(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.1.47.14767
Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Scuotto, V., & Kaur, P. (2021). Barriers and paradoxical recommendation behaviour in online to offline (O2O) services. A convergent mixed-method study. Journal of Business Research, 131, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.049
Tien, D. H., Amaya Rivas, A. A., & Liao, Y. (2019). Examining the influence of customer-to-customer electronic word-of-mouth on purchase intention in social networking sites. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(3), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.06.003
Todoranova, L., & Penchev, B. (2019). International Conference Information and Communication Technologies in Business and Education. University of Economics - Varna. https://ue-varna.bg/uploads/filemanager/303/publishing-complex/2019/Information_communication_technologies_business_education_2019.pdf#page=188
Tuten, T. L. (2023). Social media marketing (5th ed.). SAGE.
Vo, T. H., & Wu, K. (2022). Exploring consumer adoption of mobile shopping apps from a perspective of elaboration likelihood model. International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications, 14(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.296577
90-121. http://llt.msu.edu/vol8num3/wang/
Wang, Y. (2016). Information adoption model, a review of the literature. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4(11), 618-622. DOI: 10.18178/joebm.2016.4.11.462
Yang, F. X. (2017). Effects of restaurant satisfaction and knowledge sharing motivation on eWOM intentions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(1), 93-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348013515918