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Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Ellyanawati Esty Rahayu, Hadri Kusuma, Zaenal Arifin (Author)

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Trends and Determinants of Financial Distress: Evidence from Two-Decade Studies
Corresponding Author(s) : Nur Ellyanawati Esty Rahayu
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
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- Abdullah, A. M. (2020). Identifying the determinants of financial distress for public listed companies in Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 59(2020), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2020-59-03
- Ali, S., ur Rehman, R., Yuan, W., Ahmad, M. I., & Ali, R. (2021). Does foreign institutional ownership mediate the nexus between board diversity and the risk of financial distress? A case of an emerging economy of China. Eurasian Business Review, 12(3), 553–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-021-00191-z
- Aljughaiman, A. A., Nguyen, T. H., Trinh, V. Q., & Du, A. (2023). The Covid-19 outbreak, corporate financial distress and earnings management. International Review of Financial Analysis, 88(April), 102675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102675
- Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609.
- Altman, E. I. (2000). Predicting financial distress of companies : Revisiting the z-score and zeta models, updated from E. I. Altman financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 1(July).
- Altman, E. I., & Hotchkiss, E. (2011). Corporate financial distress and bankruptcy: Predict and avoid bankruptcy, analyze and invest in distressed debt, Third Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118267806
- Beaver, W. H. (1966). Financial ratios as predictors of failure. Journal of Accounting Research, 4(1966), 71–111. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490171
- Bevilacqua, M., Tunaru, R., & Vioto, D. (2023). Options-based systemic risk, financial distress, and macroeconomic downturns. Journal of Financial Markets, 65(April), 100834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2023.100834
- Boubaker, S., Cellier, A., Manita, R., & Saeed, A. (2020). Does corporate social responsibility reduce financial distress risk? Economic Modelling, 91(January 2019), 835–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.05.012
- Bouvatier, V., Lepetit, L., Rehault, P. N., & Strobel, F. (2023). Time-varying z-score measures for bank insolvency risk: Best practice. Journal of Empirical Finance, 73(January 2022), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2023.06.002
- Cao, J., Dong, D., & Yue, S. (2024). Institutional investors’ site visits and firms’ financial distress. Research in International Business and Finance, 67(January 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102150
- Charalambakis, E. C., & Garrett, I. (2016). On the prediction of financial distress in developed and emerging markets: Does the choice of accounting and market information matter? A comparison of UK and Indian Firms. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 47(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-014-0492-y
- Cresswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 4th edition, SAGE Publication.
- Darayseh, M., & Alsharari, N. M. (2022). Determinants of merger and acquisition in the banking sector: an empirical study. Meditari Accountancy Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-09-2021-1449
- Dash, P., & Mishra, S. K. (2024). Investment intentions and financial decisions of women investors: A bibliometric analysis for future research. Global Business and Finance Review, 29(6), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2024.29.6.114
- Ding, S., Cui, T., Graham, A., Zoynul, M., & Lucey, B. (2023). The role of feature importance in predicting corporate financial distress in pre and post COVID periods : Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 90(August), 102851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102851
- ElBannan, M. A. (2021). On the prediction of financial distress in emerging markets: What matters more? Empirical evidence from Arab spring countries. Emerging Markets Review, 47(February 2020), 100806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2021.100806
- Fadrul, F., & Ridawati, R. (2020). Analysis of method used to predict financial distress potential in pulp and paper companies of Indonesia. International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR), 1(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v1i1.29
- Fakhar, S., Mohd Khan, F., Tabash, M. I., Ahmad, G., Akhter, J., & Al-Absy, M. S. M. (2023). Financial distress in the banking industry: A bibliometric synthesis and exploration. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2253076
- Farooq, M., Hunjra, A. I., Ullah, S., & Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2023). The determinants of financial distress cost: A case of emerging market. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2186038
- Habib, A., Costa, M. D., Huang, H. J., Bhuiyan, M. B. U., & Sun, L. (2020). Determinants and consequences of financial distress: review of the empirical literature. Accounting and Finance, 60(S1), 1023–1075. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12400
- Habib, A. M., & Kayani, U. N. (2022). Does the efficiency of working capital management affect a firm’s financial distress? Evidence from UAE. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 22(7), 1567–1586. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2021-0440
- Hai, P. H., Toan, T. C., & Khoa, B. T. (2025). Science mapping of the development and trends in green finance: A bibliometric analysis. Global Business and Finance Review, 30(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2025.30.2.57
- Hussein, R., & Idris, M. (2023). Detecting financial distress of companies listed on amman stock exchange using the models of altman and jones. Quality - Access to Success, 24(194), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.194.23
- Indarti, N., Lukito-Budi, A. S., & Islam, A. M. (2020). A systematic review of halal supply chain research: to where shall we go? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(9), 1930–1949. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2020-0161
- Kalash, I. (2023). The financial leverage–financial performance relationship in the emerging market of Turkey: the role of financial distress risk and currency crisis. EuroMed Journal of Business, 18(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-04-2021-0056
- Li, L., Chen, H., & Xiang, J. (2023). Oil price uncertainty, financial distress and real economic activities: Evidence from China. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 81(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2023.102103
- Mselmi, N., Lahiani, A., & Hamza, T. (2017). Financial distress prediction: The case of French small and medium-sized firms. International Review of Financial Analysis, 50, 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2017.02.004
- Muranda, Z. (2006). Financial distress and corporate governance in Zimbabwean banks. Corporate Governance, 6(5), 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700610706126
- Ninh, B. P. V., Do Thanh, T., & Vo Hong, D. (2018). Financial distress and bankruptcy prediction: An appropriate model for listed firms in Vietnam. Economic Systems, 42(4), 616–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2018.05.002
- Ohlson, J. A. (1980). Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.2307/2490395
- Primawan, A. (2023). Systematic literature review – Determinants of Corporate Financial Distress Prediction. Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.33369/jakuntansi.13.2.120-130
- Rahmah, A. S., Pratama, N. R., Kuswadi, S. A., & Ichsan, M. (2024). The effectiveness of implementing agile project management: A systematic literature review. Global Business and Finance Review, 29(6), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2024.29.6.170
- Ryu, H., & Choi, H. (2023). Financial distress and value of cash holdings: evidence from the Korean stock market. Applied Economics Letters, 30(13), 1833–1837. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2022.2083550
- Sadaa, A. M., Ganesan, Y., Yet, C. E., Alkhazaleh, Q., Alnoor, A., & aldegis, A. M. (2023). Corporate governance as antecedents and financial distress as a consequence of credit risk. Evidence from Iraqi banks. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100051
- Sehgal, S. (2021). On the determinants and prediction of corporate financial distress in India. Managerial Finance, 1–73.
- Shahwan, T. M. (2015). The effects of corporate governance on financial performance and financial distress: evidence from Egypt. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 15(5), 641–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-11-2014-0140
- Sumiyana, S., Na’im, A., Kurniawan, F., & Nugroho, A. H. L. (2023). Earnings management and financial distress or soundness determining CEOs’ future over- and under-investment decisions. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01638-6
- Tsai, B. H. (2013). An Early Warning System of financial distress using multinomial logit models and a bootstrapping approach. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 49(SUPPL2), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X4902S203
- Udin, S., Khan, M. A., & Javid, A. Y. (2017). The effects of ownership structure on likelihood of financial distress: an empirical evidence. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 17(4), 589–612. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2016-0067
References
Abdullah, A. M. (2020). Identifying the determinants of financial distress for public listed companies in Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 59(2020), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2020-59-03
Ali, S., ur Rehman, R., Yuan, W., Ahmad, M. I., & Ali, R. (2021). Does foreign institutional ownership mediate the nexus between board diversity and the risk of financial distress? A case of an emerging economy of China. Eurasian Business Review, 12(3), 553–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-021-00191-z
Aljughaiman, A. A., Nguyen, T. H., Trinh, V. Q., & Du, A. (2023). The Covid-19 outbreak, corporate financial distress and earnings management. International Review of Financial Analysis, 88(April), 102675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102675
Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609.
Altman, E. I. (2000). Predicting financial distress of companies : Revisiting the z-score and zeta models, updated from E. I. Altman financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 1(July).
Altman, E. I., & Hotchkiss, E. (2011). Corporate financial distress and bankruptcy: Predict and avoid bankruptcy, analyze and invest in distressed debt, Third Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118267806
Beaver, W. H. (1966). Financial ratios as predictors of failure. Journal of Accounting Research, 4(1966), 71–111. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490171
Bevilacqua, M., Tunaru, R., & Vioto, D. (2023). Options-based systemic risk, financial distress, and macroeconomic downturns. Journal of Financial Markets, 65(April), 100834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2023.100834
Boubaker, S., Cellier, A., Manita, R., & Saeed, A. (2020). Does corporate social responsibility reduce financial distress risk? Economic Modelling, 91(January 2019), 835–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.05.012
Bouvatier, V., Lepetit, L., Rehault, P. N., & Strobel, F. (2023). Time-varying z-score measures for bank insolvency risk: Best practice. Journal of Empirical Finance, 73(January 2022), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2023.06.002
Cao, J., Dong, D., & Yue, S. (2024). Institutional investors’ site visits and firms’ financial distress. Research in International Business and Finance, 67(January 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102150
Charalambakis, E. C., & Garrett, I. (2016). On the prediction of financial distress in developed and emerging markets: Does the choice of accounting and market information matter? A comparison of UK and Indian Firms. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 47(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-014-0492-y
Cresswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 4th edition, SAGE Publication.
Darayseh, M., & Alsharari, N. M. (2022). Determinants of merger and acquisition in the banking sector: an empirical study. Meditari Accountancy Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-09-2021-1449
Dash, P., & Mishra, S. K. (2024). Investment intentions and financial decisions of women investors: A bibliometric analysis for future research. Global Business and Finance Review, 29(6), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2024.29.6.114
Ding, S., Cui, T., Graham, A., Zoynul, M., & Lucey, B. (2023). The role of feature importance in predicting corporate financial distress in pre and post COVID periods : Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 90(August), 102851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102851
ElBannan, M. A. (2021). On the prediction of financial distress in emerging markets: What matters more? Empirical evidence from Arab spring countries. Emerging Markets Review, 47(February 2020), 100806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2021.100806
Fadrul, F., & Ridawati, R. (2020). Analysis of method used to predict financial distress potential in pulp and paper companies of Indonesia. International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR), 1(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v1i1.29
Fakhar, S., Mohd Khan, F., Tabash, M. I., Ahmad, G., Akhter, J., & Al-Absy, M. S. M. (2023). Financial distress in the banking industry: A bibliometric synthesis and exploration. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2253076
Farooq, M., Hunjra, A. I., Ullah, S., & Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2023). The determinants of financial distress cost: A case of emerging market. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2186038
Habib, A., Costa, M. D., Huang, H. J., Bhuiyan, M. B. U., & Sun, L. (2020). Determinants and consequences of financial distress: review of the empirical literature. Accounting and Finance, 60(S1), 1023–1075. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12400
Habib, A. M., & Kayani, U. N. (2022). Does the efficiency of working capital management affect a firm’s financial distress? Evidence from UAE. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 22(7), 1567–1586. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2021-0440
Hai, P. H., Toan, T. C., & Khoa, B. T. (2025). Science mapping of the development and trends in green finance: A bibliometric analysis. Global Business and Finance Review, 30(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2025.30.2.57
Hussein, R., & Idris, M. (2023). Detecting financial distress of companies listed on amman stock exchange using the models of altman and jones. Quality - Access to Success, 24(194), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.194.23
Indarti, N., Lukito-Budi, A. S., & Islam, A. M. (2020). A systematic review of halal supply chain research: to where shall we go? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(9), 1930–1949. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2020-0161
Kalash, I. (2023). The financial leverage–financial performance relationship in the emerging market of Turkey: the role of financial distress risk and currency crisis. EuroMed Journal of Business, 18(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-04-2021-0056
Li, L., Chen, H., & Xiang, J. (2023). Oil price uncertainty, financial distress and real economic activities: Evidence from China. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 81(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2023.102103
Mselmi, N., Lahiani, A., & Hamza, T. (2017). Financial distress prediction: The case of French small and medium-sized firms. International Review of Financial Analysis, 50, 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2017.02.004
Muranda, Z. (2006). Financial distress and corporate governance in Zimbabwean banks. Corporate Governance, 6(5), 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700610706126
Ninh, B. P. V., Do Thanh, T., & Vo Hong, D. (2018). Financial distress and bankruptcy prediction: An appropriate model for listed firms in Vietnam. Economic Systems, 42(4), 616–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2018.05.002
Ohlson, J. A. (1980). Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.2307/2490395
Primawan, A. (2023). Systematic literature review – Determinants of Corporate Financial Distress Prediction. Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.33369/jakuntansi.13.2.120-130
Rahmah, A. S., Pratama, N. R., Kuswadi, S. A., & Ichsan, M. (2024). The effectiveness of implementing agile project management: A systematic literature review. Global Business and Finance Review, 29(6), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2024.29.6.170
Ryu, H., & Choi, H. (2023). Financial distress and value of cash holdings: evidence from the Korean stock market. Applied Economics Letters, 30(13), 1833–1837. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2022.2083550
Sadaa, A. M., Ganesan, Y., Yet, C. E., Alkhazaleh, Q., Alnoor, A., & aldegis, A. M. (2023). Corporate governance as antecedents and financial distress as a consequence of credit risk. Evidence from Iraqi banks. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100051
Sehgal, S. (2021). On the determinants and prediction of corporate financial distress in India. Managerial Finance, 1–73.
Shahwan, T. M. (2015). The effects of corporate governance on financial performance and financial distress: evidence from Egypt. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 15(5), 641–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-11-2014-0140
Sumiyana, S., Na’im, A., Kurniawan, F., & Nugroho, A. H. L. (2023). Earnings management and financial distress or soundness determining CEOs’ future over- and under-investment decisions. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01638-6
Tsai, B. H. (2013). An Early Warning System of financial distress using multinomial logit models and a bootstrapping approach. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 49(SUPPL2), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X4902S203
Udin, S., Khan, M. A., & Javid, A. Y. (2017). The effects of ownership structure on likelihood of financial distress: an empirical evidence. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 17(4), 589–612. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2016-0067