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Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Ichza Sastro Putra , Teguh Iman Santoso, Didin Krisnawati (Author)

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Training and Physical Work Environment as Determinants of Healthcare Worker Performance
Corresponding Author(s) : Teguh Iman Santoso
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Abstract
This study examines the effects of training and the physical work environment on healthcare worker performance in a hospital context. It advances human resource and performance theory by clarifying the differential explanatory power of capability development and environmental conditions, while introducing gender-based heterogeneity into the performance model. Using a quantitative causal design, data from 153 healthcare workers were analyzed through SEM-PLS. Overall performance was rated high, as were training and physical work environment conditions. Structural results indicate that both variables contribute to performance, yet gender-based analysis reveals that training does not significantly predict performance across groups, whereas the physical work environment exerts a substantially stronger effect on male employees than on female employees. These findings underscore the strategic importance of designing evidence-based, gender-sensitive HR policies to optimize healthcare workforce performance.
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- Adamy, M. (2016). Buku Ajar Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Teori, Praktik Dan Penelitian. Ljokseumawe: Unimal Press.
- Adelia, A., Daud, I., Azazi, A., Kalis, M. C. I., & Hendri, M. I. (2024). Exploring turnover intentions in Indonesian generation z: Emotional exhaustion, employee engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Management Science (JMAS), 7(1), 250–256. www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS.
- Aldyanto, A. S., Wanta, W., & Romli, A. D. (2024). The Role Of Human Resources Management In Improving Employee Performance At The Pratama Asshofwan Clinic Kedungwaringin. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(2), 5397–5406. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej.
- Alfarisi, A. R. (2022). Pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Jombang. BIMA : Journal of Business and Innovation Management, 4(2), 307–318. https://ejournal.unhasy.ac.id/index.php/bima/article/view/5546/2561.
- Almarashdah, M. A. (2024). The role of organizational culture on the relationship between employee training and job performance in Jordan. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 505–512. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.9.002.
- Andayani, T. B. N., & Hirawati, H. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan SDM Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Pos Indonesia Cabang Magelang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, 3(2), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.31599/jmu.v3i2.982.
- Assiddiki, A. H. (2023). Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Business, Management and Economics, 4(4), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijbme.v4i4.1454.
- Azan, K., Zebua, A., Sukoco, J., Dacholfany, M., Murti, R., Sumantoro, I., Suaduon, J., Pohan, M., Siswanto, I., Aryadillah, Safari, M., Nurzen, S. M., & Watunglawar, B. (2021). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Kajian teoritis dan praktis dalam pendidikan. Bengkalis, Riau: DOTPLUS Publisher.
- Bangun, W. (2012). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
- Bhatia, M. S., & Kumar, S. (2023). An empirical analysis of critical factors of Industry 4.0: a contingency theory perspective. International Journal of Technology Management, 91(1), 82–106. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2023.10052651.
- Firdaus, M. A. A., Kuswinarno, M. (2023). Strategi Inovatif dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perusahaan di Era Digital. Jurnal Media Akademik: JMA. 2(11). 1-19.
- Ghozali, Imam. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Hamali, A. Y. (2023). Pemahaman Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: CAPS (Center for Academic Publishing Service).
- Hartomo, N. K., & Luturlean, B. S. (2020). Pengaruh Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kantor Pusat PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4(1), 200–207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v4i1.264.
- Hermawan, E. P., & Sary, F. P. (2025). The Effect of Self Efficacy and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at Ciamis Regional General Hospital. Eduvest (Journal of Universal Studies), 5(2), 2934–2951.
- Indrawati. (2015). Metode Penelitian Manajemen dan Bisnis Konvergensi Teknologi Komunikasi dan Informasi. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
- Karim, A. (2023). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bali: Intelektual Manifes Media.
- Kasmir. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Teori dan Praktek). Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo Persada.
- Mandasari, J. dan Andjarwati, T. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Disiplin Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Dinas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen (JEM17), 5(2), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.30996/jem17.v5i2.4604.
- Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., Meglich, P. A., (2016). Human Resource Management. Boston: Cengange Learning.
- Moyau, H., Lobubun, M., & Fitriani. (2021). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan CV. Perkasa Motor di Kota Jayapura. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.55049/jeb.v12i1.73.
- Nguyen, C., & Duong, A. (2021). Employee retention: Do training and development, job satisfaction, and job performance matter? The 4th International Conference on Business, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, HCMC, Vietnam. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=4031830.
- Nitisemito, A. S. (2015). Manajemen Personalia dan Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
- Prasetya N, J. E., Faizal, Moh., & Choirunnisak, C. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada KOPILOKA 3.0 Palembang Tahun 2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA), 1(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.36908/jimpa.v1i2.28
- Pusparani, M. (2021). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai: Suatu Kajian Literatur Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan: JIMT. 2(4). 534-543.
- Putri, E. M., Ekowati, V. M., Supriyanto, A. S., & Mukaffi, Z. (2019). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance Though Work Discipline. International Journal of Research, 7(4), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.882.
- Ramadhany, S. R., Taba, M. I., & Umar, F. (2020). The Effect of Training and Job Satisfaction on Employee Engagement and Performance of Millennial Generation Employees of PT Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk in Makassar. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(6), 566–571. www.ijisrt.com566.
- Robbins, S. P. dan Coulter. M. (2021). Management (15th ed.). United States: Pearson Education.
- Rohman, A. F., Indiyati, D., & Ghina, A. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Employee Engagement on Employees Performance at Telkom University, Indonesia. International Journal of Science and Society, 3(1), 75–88.
- Sabita, D., & Nuraini, E. (2020). Influence of Training, Working Environment and Work Discipline on the Performance of Millenial Employees. Proceedings of the 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019), 149, 255–263. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200812.045.
- Sarwana, Z. T. K., & Wahyuningtyas, R. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Kota Bandung. JPRO (Jurnal Manajemen dan Profesional), 4(2), 255–264
- Sedarmayanti. (2011). Tata Kerja dan Produktivitas Kerja: Suatu Tinjauan dari Aspek Ergonomi atau Kaitan Antara Manusia dengan Lingkungan Kerjannya. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju.
- Septiana, S., Wicaksono, R. N., Saputri, A. W., Fawwazillah, N. A., Anshori, M. I. (2023). Meningkatkan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Masa Yang Mendatang. Student Research Journal. 1(5). 446-466.
- Sitepu, F. A., Dalimunthe, R. F., & Sembiring, B. K. F. (2020). Effect of Physical Work Environment and Non-Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at PT. MNC Sky Vision Tbk Medan. International Journal of Research and Review (Ijrrjournal.Com), 7(5), 302–309. https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.5_May2020/Abstract_IJRR0046.
- Supardi, Rivaldo, Y., & Yusman, E. (2022). Pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja, Promosi, Kompensasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Perawat RSBP Batam. JURNAL AS-SAID, 1(2), 87–96. Retrieved from https://e-journal.institutabdullahsaid.ac.id/index.php/AS-SAID/article/view/49.
- Suparman, H. D. (2020). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pengetahuan dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di CV. Perdana Mulia Desa Caringin Kulon Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Sukabumi. Jurnal Ekonomedia, 9(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55651/ekonomedia.v9i02.7.
- Warongan, B. U. C., Dotulong, L. O. H., & Lumintang, G. G. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Jordan Bakery Tomohon. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Bisnis Dan Akuntansi : EMBA, 10(1), 963–972. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/emba/article/view/38527.
- Wibowo. (2022). Manajemen Kinerja. Depok: PT Rajagrafindo Persada.
- Widyaningrum, M. E., (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Surabaya: UBHARA Manajemen Press.
- Zaky, M. (2022). Pentingnya Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Global. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis. 1(2). 73-86.
References
Adamy, M. (2016). Buku Ajar Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Teori, Praktik Dan Penelitian. Ljokseumawe: Unimal Press.
Adelia, A., Daud, I., Azazi, A., Kalis, M. C. I., & Hendri, M. I. (2024). Exploring turnover intentions in Indonesian generation z: Emotional exhaustion, employee engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Management Science (JMAS), 7(1), 250–256. www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS.
Aldyanto, A. S., Wanta, W., & Romli, A. D. (2024). The Role Of Human Resources Management In Improving Employee Performance At The Pratama Asshofwan Clinic Kedungwaringin. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(2), 5397–5406. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej.
Alfarisi, A. R. (2022). Pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Jombang. BIMA : Journal of Business and Innovation Management, 4(2), 307–318. https://ejournal.unhasy.ac.id/index.php/bima/article/view/5546/2561.
Almarashdah, M. A. (2024). The role of organizational culture on the relationship between employee training and job performance in Jordan. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 505–512. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.9.002.
Andayani, T. B. N., & Hirawati, H. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan SDM Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Pos Indonesia Cabang Magelang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, 3(2), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.31599/jmu.v3i2.982.
Assiddiki, A. H. (2023). Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Business, Management and Economics, 4(4), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijbme.v4i4.1454.
Azan, K., Zebua, A., Sukoco, J., Dacholfany, M., Murti, R., Sumantoro, I., Suaduon, J., Pohan, M., Siswanto, I., Aryadillah, Safari, M., Nurzen, S. M., & Watunglawar, B. (2021). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Kajian teoritis dan praktis dalam pendidikan. Bengkalis, Riau: DOTPLUS Publisher.
Bangun, W. (2012). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Bhatia, M. S., & Kumar, S. (2023). An empirical analysis of critical factors of Industry 4.0: a contingency theory perspective. International Journal of Technology Management, 91(1), 82–106. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2023.10052651.
Firdaus, M. A. A., Kuswinarno, M. (2023). Strategi Inovatif dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perusahaan di Era Digital. Jurnal Media Akademik: JMA. 2(11). 1-19.
Ghozali, Imam. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hamali, A. Y. (2023). Pemahaman Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: CAPS (Center for Academic Publishing Service).
Hartomo, N. K., & Luturlean, B. S. (2020). Pengaruh Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Kantor Pusat PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4(1), 200–207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v4i1.264.
Hermawan, E. P., & Sary, F. P. (2025). The Effect of Self Efficacy and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at Ciamis Regional General Hospital. Eduvest (Journal of Universal Studies), 5(2), 2934–2951.
Indrawati. (2015). Metode Penelitian Manajemen dan Bisnis Konvergensi Teknologi Komunikasi dan Informasi. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Karim, A. (2023). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bali: Intelektual Manifes Media.
Kasmir. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Teori dan Praktek). Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo Persada.
Mandasari, J. dan Andjarwati, T. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Disiplin Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Dinas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen (JEM17), 5(2), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.30996/jem17.v5i2.4604.
Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., Meglich, P. A., (2016). Human Resource Management. Boston: Cengange Learning.
Moyau, H., Lobubun, M., & Fitriani. (2021). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan CV. Perkasa Motor di Kota Jayapura. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.55049/jeb.v12i1.73.
Nguyen, C., & Duong, A. (2021). Employee retention: Do training and development, job satisfaction, and job performance matter? The 4th International Conference on Business, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, HCMC, Vietnam. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=4031830.
Nitisemito, A. S. (2015). Manajemen Personalia dan Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Prasetya N, J. E., Faizal, Moh., & Choirunnisak, C. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada KOPILOKA 3.0 Palembang Tahun 2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA), 1(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.36908/jimpa.v1i2.28
Pusparani, M. (2021). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai: Suatu Kajian Literatur Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan: JIMT. 2(4). 534-543.
Putri, E. M., Ekowati, V. M., Supriyanto, A. S., & Mukaffi, Z. (2019). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance Though Work Discipline. International Journal of Research, 7(4), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.882.
Ramadhany, S. R., Taba, M. I., & Umar, F. (2020). The Effect of Training and Job Satisfaction on Employee Engagement and Performance of Millennial Generation Employees of PT Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk in Makassar. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(6), 566–571. www.ijisrt.com566.
Robbins, S. P. dan Coulter. M. (2021). Management (15th ed.). United States: Pearson Education.
Rohman, A. F., Indiyati, D., & Ghina, A. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Employee Engagement on Employees Performance at Telkom University, Indonesia. International Journal of Science and Society, 3(1), 75–88.
Sabita, D., & Nuraini, E. (2020). Influence of Training, Working Environment and Work Discipline on the Performance of Millenial Employees. Proceedings of the 3rd Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2019), 149, 255–263. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200812.045.
Sarwana, Z. T. K., & Wahyuningtyas, R. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Kota Bandung. JPRO (Jurnal Manajemen dan Profesional), 4(2), 255–264
Sedarmayanti. (2011). Tata Kerja dan Produktivitas Kerja: Suatu Tinjauan dari Aspek Ergonomi atau Kaitan Antara Manusia dengan Lingkungan Kerjannya. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju.
Septiana, S., Wicaksono, R. N., Saputri, A. W., Fawwazillah, N. A., Anshori, M. I. (2023). Meningkatkan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Masa Yang Mendatang. Student Research Journal. 1(5). 446-466.
Sitepu, F. A., Dalimunthe, R. F., & Sembiring, B. K. F. (2020). Effect of Physical Work Environment and Non-Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at PT. MNC Sky Vision Tbk Medan. International Journal of Research and Review (Ijrrjournal.Com), 7(5), 302–309. https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.5_May2020/Abstract_IJRR0046.
Supardi, Rivaldo, Y., & Yusman, E. (2022). Pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja, Promosi, Kompensasi dan Motivasi Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Perawat RSBP Batam. JURNAL AS-SAID, 1(2), 87–96. Retrieved from https://e-journal.institutabdullahsaid.ac.id/index.php/AS-SAID/article/view/49.
Suparman, H. D. (2020). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Pengetahuan dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di CV. Perdana Mulia Desa Caringin Kulon Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Sukabumi. Jurnal Ekonomedia, 9(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55651/ekonomedia.v9i02.7.
Warongan, B. U. C., Dotulong, L. O. H., & Lumintang, G. G. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT Jordan Bakery Tomohon. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Bisnis Dan Akuntansi : EMBA, 10(1), 963–972. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/emba/article/view/38527.
Wibowo. (2022). Manajemen Kinerja. Depok: PT Rajagrafindo Persada.
Widyaningrum, M. E., (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Surabaya: UBHARA Manajemen Press.
Zaky, M. (2022). Pentingnya Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Global. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis. 1(2). 73-86.