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Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Basir, Ela Elliyana (Author)
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From Leadership to Innovation: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in a Semi-Military Organization
Corresponding Author(s) : Abdul Basir
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): June
Abstract
This study examines how transformational leadership and organisational culture influence innovative work behaviour in semi-military defence organisations, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. Drawing on transformational leadership theory, Denison’s cultural model, and affective-motivational perspectives, the study explores psychological mechanisms that shape innovation in highly hierarchical settings. A quantitative survey of 288 employees from a state-owned defence manufacturer in Indonesia was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that both transformational leadership and organisational culture significantly enhance job satisfaction. Organisational culture also directly increases innovative work behaviour, whereas transformational leadership does not exert a direct effect. Instead, its influence on innovation is fully mediated by job satisfaction. Job satisfaction itself emerges as a strong predictor of innovative behaviour. These findings suggest that in rigid and hierarchical environments, innovation is more likely to arise from cultural support and positive employee experiences than from leadership behaviours alone.
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- Abdul Rashid, Z., Sambasivan, M., & Johari, J. (2003). The influence of corporate culture and organisational commitment on performance. Journal of Management Development, 22(8), 708–728. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710310487873
- Ahmed, P. K. (1998). Culture and climate for innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069810199131
- Alqatawenah, A. S. (2018). TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CHANGE MANAGEMENT. Business: Theory and Practice, 19(0), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2018.03
- Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F. O., Zhou, Q., & Hartnell, C. A. (2012). Transformational Leadership, Innovative Behavior, and Task Performance: Test of Mediation and Moderation Processes. Human Performance, 25(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2011.631648
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
- Basir, A., & Aminah, H. (2025). THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEES’PROPENSITY TO INNOVATE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (YEAR: 2019-2024). Lex Localis: Journal of Local Self-Government, 23(S4), 200–211. https://doi.org/https://lex-localis.org/index.php/LexLocalis/article/view/800522
- Basir, A., Hamida, H., & Aminah, H. (2025). Satisfaction as a Strategic Link between the Organizational Environment and Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review in the Context of Modern Organizations. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting (IJEMA), 3(2), 188–197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47353/ijema.v3i2.325
- Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology press.
- Becker, J.-M., Klein, K., & Wetzels, M. (2012). Hierarchical Latent Variable Models in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for Using Reflective-Formative Type Models. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 359–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.10.001
- Bednall, T. C., E. Rafferty, A., Shipton, H., Sanders, K., & J. Jackson, C. (2018). Innovative behaviour: how much transformational leadership do you need? British Journal of Management, 29(4), 796–816. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12275
- Chang, S., & Lee, M. (2007). A study on relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees’ job satisfaction. The Learning Organization, 14(2), 155–185.
- Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Ullah, S. M. E., & Kang, S. W. (2016a). How transformational leadership facilitates innovative behavior of Korean workers: Examining mediating and moderating processes. Personnel Review, 45(3), 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2014-0058
- Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Ullah, S. M. E., & Kang, S.-W. (2016b). How transformational leadership facilitates innovative behavior of Korean workers. Personnel Review, 45(3), 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2014-0058
- De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring Innovative Work Behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00547.x
- Denison, D. R., & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.204
- Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297–316. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26628355
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
References
Abdul Rashid, Z., Sambasivan, M., & Johari, J. (2003). The influence of corporate culture and organisational commitment on performance. Journal of Management Development, 22(8), 708–728. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710310487873
Ahmed, P. K. (1998). Culture and climate for innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069810199131
Alqatawenah, A. S. (2018). TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CHANGE MANAGEMENT. Business: Theory and Practice, 19(0), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2018.03
Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F. O., Zhou, Q., & Hartnell, C. A. (2012). Transformational Leadership, Innovative Behavior, and Task Performance: Test of Mediation and Moderation Processes. Human Performance, 25(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2011.631648
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Basir, A., & Aminah, H. (2025). THE ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEES’PROPENSITY TO INNOVATE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (YEAR: 2019-2024). Lex Localis: Journal of Local Self-Government, 23(S4), 200–211. https://doi.org/https://lex-localis.org/index.php/LexLocalis/article/view/800522
Basir, A., Hamida, H., & Aminah, H. (2025). Satisfaction as a Strategic Link between the Organizational Environment and Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review in the Context of Modern Organizations. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting (IJEMA), 3(2), 188–197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47353/ijema.v3i2.325
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology press.
Becker, J.-M., Klein, K., & Wetzels, M. (2012). Hierarchical Latent Variable Models in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for Using Reflective-Formative Type Models. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 359–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.10.001
Bednall, T. C., E. Rafferty, A., Shipton, H., Sanders, K., & J. Jackson, C. (2018). Innovative behaviour: how much transformational leadership do you need? British Journal of Management, 29(4), 796–816. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12275
Chang, S., & Lee, M. (2007). A study on relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees’ job satisfaction. The Learning Organization, 14(2), 155–185.
Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Ullah, S. M. E., & Kang, S. W. (2016a). How transformational leadership facilitates innovative behavior of Korean workers: Examining mediating and moderating processes. Personnel Review, 45(3), 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2014-0058
Choi, S. B., Kim, K., Ullah, S. M. E., & Kang, S.-W. (2016b). How transformational leadership facilitates innovative behavior of Korean workers. Personnel Review, 45(3), 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2014-0058
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring Innovative Work Behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00547.x
Denison, D. R., & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.6.2.204
Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297–316. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26628355
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104