Date Log
Submitted
8 June 2022
Accepted
4 August 2022
Published
21 September 2022
Implementation of Legal Substance and Sharia Values in Islamic Banking in a Muslim-Minority Region
Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Husni Ingratubun
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the factors that impede the application of Islamic law in the operation of Islamic banking in a non-Muslim region in Indonesia, i.e., Papua. The readiness of human resources in Islamic banking, both in quantity and quality, to support Islamic banking operations in this specific case is not well investigated. This study employs a descriptive-analytical normative legal study, with technical analysis of primary and secondary data qualitatively. The investigation indicates that the application of Islamic law to the operation of Islamic banking has not gone well, contrary to the goal of establishing Islamic banking with a profit-sharing system. The progress of Islamic banking falls short, despite the national growth target.
Keywords
Legal Substance
Islamic Banking
Sharia Values
Non-Muslim Area
Ingratubun, M. H. (2022). Implementation of Legal Substance and Sharia Values in Islamic Banking in a Muslim-Minority Region. Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide Dan Inspirasi, 9(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.24252/minds.v9i2.29292
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References
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Ahmed, H. (2002). Theoritical Foundation of Islamic Economic.
Alam, K., Rahman, S. A., Mustafa, H., Shah, S. M., & Hossain, S. (2019). Shariah governance framework of Islamic banks in Bangladesh: Practices, problems and recommendations. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 9(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.91.118.132
Alam, N., Gupta, L., & Shanmugam, B. (2017a). Islamic finance: A practical perspective. Springer.
Alam, N., Gupta, L., & Shanmugam, B. (2017b). The Religious Foundations of Islamic Banking BT - Islamic Finance: A Practical Perspective (N. Alam, L. Gupta, & B. Shanmugam (eds.); pp. 17–34). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66559-7_2
Alharbi, A. (2015). Development of the Islamic Banking System. Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 3(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.15640/jibf.v3n1a2
Allagabo, O., & Mustafa, O. (2019). Assessment of the Financial Performance of Islamic Commercial Banks in Sudan under Credit Risk and Inflation Pressures ( 1995-2017 ). 7(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.15640/jibf.v7n1a2
Alserhan, H. F., & Al Shbail, M. O. (2020). The role of organizational commitment in the relationship between human resource management practices and competitive advantage in Jordanian private universities. Management Science Letters, 10(16), 3757–3766. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.7.036
Anggraeny, I., & Rahmadanti, W. D. (2020). The Legality Issue of the Financing Contract at the Sharia Rural Banks (BPRS) and the Solution in Sharia Agreement Law Perspective. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana, 9(3), 646–663.
Athanasoglou, P. P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2006.07.001
Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: a systems approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
Bashir, A., Bank, I. D., & Arabia, S. (2018). Reducing Poverty and Income Inequalities : Current Approaches and Islamic Perspective. 31(1), 93–104.
Beekun, R. I. (1997). Islamic business ethics (Issue 2). International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
Bhattacharyay, B. N. (2009). Infrastructure Development for ASEAN Economic Integration. Asian Development Bank Institute, 138, 1–26. http://www.adbi.org/working-paper/2009/05/27/3011.infrastructure.dev.asean.economic/
Bisri, H. (2020). Islamic Law and Indonesian Society : A Study on the Characteristics of Islamic Law in Indonesia. 24(06), 12559–12569.
Bouckaert, B. (1987). L’analyse économique du droit: vers un renouveau de la science juridique? Revue Interdisciplinaire d’etudes Juridiques, 18(1), 47–61.
Bouteraa, M., Raja Rizal Iskandar, bin R. H., & Zainol, Z. (2020). Green Banking Practices from Islamic and Western Perspectives. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 21(5), 1–11.
Edo, M., & Siregar, S. (2013). Banking Regulatory Framework and Islamic Bank Performance : A Comparison between Indonesia and Malaysia. 2(July 1975), 603–615.
El-Bassiouny, N. (2014). The one-billion-plus marginalization: Toward a scholarly understanding of Islamic consumers. Journal of Business Study, 67(2), 42–49.
Erliyani, R. (2020). EKSISTENSI Dan Kewenangan Peradilan Agama dalam penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah dalam konfigurasi politik Hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Cakrawala.
Fahlevi, M., Irma, D., Maemunah, S., & Mahfud, I. (2019). The Effect Of Financial Performance, External Factors, And Operational Ratio On Car Ratio Of Sharia Commercial Banks In Indonesia. Journal of Study in Business, Economics and Management, 12(2), 2348–2355. http://www.scitecstudy.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/article/view/1705
Haetami, E. (2021). Analysis of Sharia Hotel Management in Bandung City in the Perspective of Maqashid Syari’ah. International Journal of Science and Society, 3(3), 303–315.
Hasan, A., & Harahap, M. R. P. A. (2021). Investasi Syariah Sebagai Strategi Mikroekonomi Islam. Edukasi: Journal of Educational Study, 2(1), 89–95.
Hasnat, M. A., & Alom, S. (2017). The implementation of Kafalah in Islamic banking and finance organizations in Malaysia. Int J Sci Res Publ, 7(7), 768–777.
Henner, M. (2011). the Impact of Sharia Law in Contemporary Western Society- " a Call for New Educational Paradigms ". 4(17), 35–49.
Heryanti, B. R., Astanti, D. I., & Aravik, H. (2020). Sharia Economic Legal Contribution Of Economic. 1(2), 43–50.
Hidayati, N. K., Setyowati, R., & Mulyani, M. (2021). Hybrid Contract in Sharia Insurance Practices in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(3), 1384–1399.
Ibrahim, A. (2018). Islamic Work Ethics and Economic Development in Islamic Countries: Bridging Between Theory and Reality. International Conference of Moslem Society, 2, 43–50.
Imaniyati, N. S., Yusdiansyah, E., Muhardi, Syam, H., Cheumar, M. T., & Adam, P. (2021). The Political Direction of Indonesian Economic Law as the Conception of Welfare State in the 1945 Constitution. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10(SE-Articles), 1310–1319. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.151
Ismail, D., Sayuti, M. N., & Farid, D. (2020). Conventional Banking, Sharia Banking, and Financial Justice. Journal of …, 04(02), 63–75. http://www.journal.islamicateinstitute.co.id/index.php/joes/article/view/640
Izhara, H., & Asutay, M. (2013). A Theoretical Analysis Of The Operational Risk Framework In Islamic Banks. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 18(1). https://journals.iium.edu.my/enmjournal/index.php/enmj/article/view/165
Jie, F., Harisah, H., & Sulaiman, Z. (2020). Acceleration of Mega Merger of SOE Sharia Banks in Indonesia through Revitalization of Sharia Economic Law in Islamic Boarding Schools. Li Falah: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 5(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.31332/lifalah.v5i2.2342
Kamel, K. (2008). Kareem Kamel on the Taliban and the International System The Rhetoric of Growth in Armenia Angela Harutyunyan on the myth of post-Soviet transition Silence for Sale Joshua Middleman on the Israel lobby and the US Congress Ryan Castle on the politics of ba. 02.
Kristiyadi, & Hartiyah, S. (2016). Pengaruh Kelompok Acuan , Religiusitas , Promosi Dan Pengetahuan Tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Terhadap Minat Menabung Di Koperasi Syariah (Studi Kasus Pada Bmt Tamzis Wonosobo). Ekonomi Dan Teknik Informatika, 5(Hutabarat 2010), 44–63.
Lazear, E. P., & Shaw, K. L. (2007). Personnel Economics: The Economist’s View of Human Resources. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(4), 91–114. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.4.91
Mahyudi, M. (2015). Reviving the Islamic economic system through shariah-based public policy. Humanomics, 31(4), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-06-2015-0037
Maksum, M., Sholeh, M. A. N., & Afiyanah, Y. (2020). The shift of non-profit contract to business contract in the islamic financial institution business activities. Istinbath, 19(2).
Mashuri, M. (2014). Sistem Keuangan Syariah Solusi Pengentasan Kemiskinan. IQTISHADUNA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita, 3(2), 839–849.
Mehran, H., & Mollineaux, L. (2012). Corporate Governance of Financial Institutions. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 4(1), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110311-101821
Moqbel, T., & Ahmed, H. (2020). Flexibility and Shar{\=\i}ʿah Compliance of Islamic Financial Contracts: An Evaluative Framework. Arab Law Quarterly, 35(1–2), 92–115.
Naff, T. (2009). Islamic Law and the Politics of Water BT - The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water (J. W. Dellapenna & J. Gupta (eds.); pp. 37–52). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_3
Pasmore, W. A., & Woodman, R. W. (2017). The Future of Study and Practice in Organizational Change and Development. In Study in Organizational Change and Development (Vol. 25, pp. 1–32). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620170000025001
Randhawa, D. S. (2011). Banking and Capital Market Reforms in Malaysia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 28(3), 388–413. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41445400
Rexhepi, G., & Ramadani, N. (2017). Ethics and Social Responsibility in Islamic Finance BT - Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context (V. Ramadani, L.-P. Dana, S. Gërguri-Rashiti, & V. Ratten (eds.); pp. 133–142). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39679-8_9
Rizqi, A. R. (2019). The Perspective of Indonesian Administrative Law on the Authority of Industrial Estate Management in Order to Realize Welfare State. 306, 286–290. https://doi.org/10.2991/isseh-18.2019.67
Said, M., & Hamid, A. (2018). Shariah Rural Bank: Roles and Instruments in Empowering Micro-and Small Enterprises: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Economic \& Management Perspectives, 12(2), 417–425.
Sakai, M. (2014). Establishing Social Justice Through Financial Inclusivity: Islamic Propagation by Islamic Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Indonesia. TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 2(2), 201–222. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/trn.2014.4
Sambo, A. O., & Kadouf, H. A. (2014). A judicial review of political questions under Islamic law. Intellectual Discourse, 22(1), 33–52.
Schueffel, P. E., & Vadana, I.-I. (2015). Open Innovation in the Financial Services Sector - A global literature review. Journal of Innovation Management, 3(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_003.001_0005
Sulaiman, A., Islam, U., Syarif, N., Jakarta, H., & Methodology, L. (2020). Systemic Reformulation of Labour Arrangements Between Demand and Pressure Concerning Income towards Welfare in Indonesia . 8(2), 305–342. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i2.15622
Susianti, N. (2021). Risk Anticipation of the Mudharabah Financing ( Case Study in the CIMB Niaga Syariah Bank at Mataram Branch ). 03(01).
Syarifuddin, S. (2020). Comparison of Real and Revelative Working Areas in Islamic Law. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 8(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v8i2.10535
Tamburaka, S., Mirosea, N., & Hendriawan. (2021). Analysis of Sharia Compliance in the Implementation of Hajj Saving Product. International Journal of Religious and Cultural Studies, 3(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.34199/ijracs.2021.04.04
Wahyudi, I., & Sani, G. A. (2014). Interdependence between Islamic capital market and money market: Evidence from Indonesia. Borsa Istanbul Review, 14(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2013.11.001
Wu, F., Chen, J., Pan, F., Gallent, N., & Zhang, F. (2020). Assetization: The Chinese Path to Housing Financialization. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(5), 1483–1499. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2020.1715195
Yahya, S., & Goh, W. (2002). Managing human resources toward achieving knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(5), 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270210450414
Yukl, G. A., & Becker, W. S. (2006). Effective Empowerment in Organizations. Organization Management Journal, 3(3), 210–231. https://doi.org/10.1057/omj.2006.20
Yusuf, M., & Iswandi, I. (2021). Journal of Islamic Law. 5(1), 57–74.
Zulverdi, D., Gunadi, I., & Pramono, B. (2007). Bank portfolio model and monetary policy in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Economics, 18(1), 158–174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2006.12.006
References
Ahmed, H. (2002). Theoritical Foundation of Islamic Economic.
Alam, K., Rahman, S. A., Mustafa, H., Shah, S. M., & Hossain, S. (2019). Shariah governance framework of Islamic banks in Bangladesh: Practices, problems and recommendations. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 9(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.91.118.132
Alam, N., Gupta, L., & Shanmugam, B. (2017a). Islamic finance: A practical perspective. Springer.
Alam, N., Gupta, L., & Shanmugam, B. (2017b). The Religious Foundations of Islamic Banking BT - Islamic Finance: A Practical Perspective (N. Alam, L. Gupta, & B. Shanmugam (eds.); pp. 17–34). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66559-7_2
Alharbi, A. (2015). Development of the Islamic Banking System. Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 3(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.15640/jibf.v3n1a2
Allagabo, O., & Mustafa, O. (2019). Assessment of the Financial Performance of Islamic Commercial Banks in Sudan under Credit Risk and Inflation Pressures ( 1995-2017 ). 7(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.15640/jibf.v7n1a2
Alserhan, H. F., & Al Shbail, M. O. (2020). The role of organizational commitment in the relationship between human resource management practices and competitive advantage in Jordanian private universities. Management Science Letters, 10(16), 3757–3766. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.7.036
Anggraeny, I., & Rahmadanti, W. D. (2020). The Legality Issue of the Financing Contract at the Sharia Rural Banks (BPRS) and the Solution in Sharia Agreement Law Perspective. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana, 9(3), 646–663.
Athanasoglou, P. P., Brissimis, S. N., & Delis, M. D. (2008). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2006.07.001
Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic law: a systems approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
Bashir, A., Bank, I. D., & Arabia, S. (2018). Reducing Poverty and Income Inequalities : Current Approaches and Islamic Perspective. 31(1), 93–104.
Beekun, R. I. (1997). Islamic business ethics (Issue 2). International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
Bhattacharyay, B. N. (2009). Infrastructure Development for ASEAN Economic Integration. Asian Development Bank Institute, 138, 1–26. http://www.adbi.org/working-paper/2009/05/27/3011.infrastructure.dev.asean.economic/
Bisri, H. (2020). Islamic Law and Indonesian Society : A Study on the Characteristics of Islamic Law in Indonesia. 24(06), 12559–12569.
Bouckaert, B. (1987). L’analyse économique du droit: vers un renouveau de la science juridique? Revue Interdisciplinaire d’etudes Juridiques, 18(1), 47–61.
Bouteraa, M., Raja Rizal Iskandar, bin R. H., & Zainol, Z. (2020). Green Banking Practices from Islamic and Western Perspectives. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 21(5), 1–11.
Edo, M., & Siregar, S. (2013). Banking Regulatory Framework and Islamic Bank Performance : A Comparison between Indonesia and Malaysia. 2(July 1975), 603–615.
El-Bassiouny, N. (2014). The one-billion-plus marginalization: Toward a scholarly understanding of Islamic consumers. Journal of Business Study, 67(2), 42–49.
Erliyani, R. (2020). EKSISTENSI Dan Kewenangan Peradilan Agama dalam penyelesaian sengketa perbankan syariah dalam konfigurasi politik Hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Cakrawala.
Fahlevi, M., Irma, D., Maemunah, S., & Mahfud, I. (2019). The Effect Of Financial Performance, External Factors, And Operational Ratio On Car Ratio Of Sharia Commercial Banks In Indonesia. Journal of Study in Business, Economics and Management, 12(2), 2348–2355. http://www.scitecstudy.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/article/view/1705
Haetami, E. (2021). Analysis of Sharia Hotel Management in Bandung City in the Perspective of Maqashid Syari’ah. International Journal of Science and Society, 3(3), 303–315.
Hasan, A., & Harahap, M. R. P. A. (2021). Investasi Syariah Sebagai Strategi Mikroekonomi Islam. Edukasi: Journal of Educational Study, 2(1), 89–95.
Hasnat, M. A., & Alom, S. (2017). The implementation of Kafalah in Islamic banking and finance organizations in Malaysia. Int J Sci Res Publ, 7(7), 768–777.
Henner, M. (2011). the Impact of Sharia Law in Contemporary Western Society- " a Call for New Educational Paradigms ". 4(17), 35–49.
Heryanti, B. R., Astanti, D. I., & Aravik, H. (2020). Sharia Economic Legal Contribution Of Economic. 1(2), 43–50.
Hidayati, N. K., Setyowati, R., & Mulyani, M. (2021). Hybrid Contract in Sharia Insurance Practices in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(3), 1384–1399.
Ibrahim, A. (2018). Islamic Work Ethics and Economic Development in Islamic Countries: Bridging Between Theory and Reality. International Conference of Moslem Society, 2, 43–50.
Imaniyati, N. S., Yusdiansyah, E., Muhardi, Syam, H., Cheumar, M. T., & Adam, P. (2021). The Political Direction of Indonesian Economic Law as the Conception of Welfare State in the 1945 Constitution. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10(SE-Articles), 1310–1319. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.151
Ismail, D., Sayuti, M. N., & Farid, D. (2020). Conventional Banking, Sharia Banking, and Financial Justice. Journal of …, 04(02), 63–75. http://www.journal.islamicateinstitute.co.id/index.php/joes/article/view/640
Izhara, H., & Asutay, M. (2013). A Theoretical Analysis Of The Operational Risk Framework In Islamic Banks. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 18(1). https://journals.iium.edu.my/enmjournal/index.php/enmj/article/view/165
Jie, F., Harisah, H., & Sulaiman, Z. (2020). Acceleration of Mega Merger of SOE Sharia Banks in Indonesia through Revitalization of Sharia Economic Law in Islamic Boarding Schools. Li Falah: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 5(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.31332/lifalah.v5i2.2342
Kamel, K. (2008). Kareem Kamel on the Taliban and the International System The Rhetoric of Growth in Armenia Angela Harutyunyan on the myth of post-Soviet transition Silence for Sale Joshua Middleman on the Israel lobby and the US Congress Ryan Castle on the politics of ba. 02.
Kristiyadi, & Hartiyah, S. (2016). Pengaruh Kelompok Acuan , Religiusitas , Promosi Dan Pengetahuan Tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Terhadap Minat Menabung Di Koperasi Syariah (Studi Kasus Pada Bmt Tamzis Wonosobo). Ekonomi Dan Teknik Informatika, 5(Hutabarat 2010), 44–63.
Lazear, E. P., & Shaw, K. L. (2007). Personnel Economics: The Economist’s View of Human Resources. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(4), 91–114. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.4.91
Mahyudi, M. (2015). Reviving the Islamic economic system through shariah-based public policy. Humanomics, 31(4), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-06-2015-0037
Maksum, M., Sholeh, M. A. N., & Afiyanah, Y. (2020). The shift of non-profit contract to business contract in the islamic financial institution business activities. Istinbath, 19(2).
Mashuri, M. (2014). Sistem Keuangan Syariah Solusi Pengentasan Kemiskinan. IQTISHADUNA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita, 3(2), 839–849.
Mehran, H., & Mollineaux, L. (2012). Corporate Governance of Financial Institutions. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 4(1), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110311-101821
Moqbel, T., & Ahmed, H. (2020). Flexibility and Shar{\=\i}ʿah Compliance of Islamic Financial Contracts: An Evaluative Framework. Arab Law Quarterly, 35(1–2), 92–115.
Naff, T. (2009). Islamic Law and the Politics of Water BT - The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water (J. W. Dellapenna & J. Gupta (eds.); pp. 37–52). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_3
Pasmore, W. A., & Woodman, R. W. (2017). The Future of Study and Practice in Organizational Change and Development. In Study in Organizational Change and Development (Vol. 25, pp. 1–32). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620170000025001
Randhawa, D. S. (2011). Banking and Capital Market Reforms in Malaysia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 28(3), 388–413. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41445400
Rexhepi, G., & Ramadani, N. (2017). Ethics and Social Responsibility in Islamic Finance BT - Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context (V. Ramadani, L.-P. Dana, S. Gërguri-Rashiti, & V. Ratten (eds.); pp. 133–142). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39679-8_9
Rizqi, A. R. (2019). The Perspective of Indonesian Administrative Law on the Authority of Industrial Estate Management in Order to Realize Welfare State. 306, 286–290. https://doi.org/10.2991/isseh-18.2019.67
Said, M., & Hamid, A. (2018). Shariah Rural Bank: Roles and Instruments in Empowering Micro-and Small Enterprises: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Economic \& Management Perspectives, 12(2), 417–425.
Sakai, M. (2014). Establishing Social Justice Through Financial Inclusivity: Islamic Propagation by Islamic Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Indonesia. TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 2(2), 201–222. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/trn.2014.4
Sambo, A. O., & Kadouf, H. A. (2014). A judicial review of political questions under Islamic law. Intellectual Discourse, 22(1), 33–52.
Schueffel, P. E., & Vadana, I.-I. (2015). Open Innovation in the Financial Services Sector - A global literature review. Journal of Innovation Management, 3(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_003.001_0005
Sulaiman, A., Islam, U., Syarif, N., Jakarta, H., & Methodology, L. (2020). Systemic Reformulation of Labour Arrangements Between Demand and Pressure Concerning Income towards Welfare in Indonesia . 8(2), 305–342. https://doi.org/10.15408/jch.v8i2.15622
Susianti, N. (2021). Risk Anticipation of the Mudharabah Financing ( Case Study in the CIMB Niaga Syariah Bank at Mataram Branch ). 03(01).
Syarifuddin, S. (2020). Comparison of Real and Revelative Working Areas in Islamic Law. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 8(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v8i2.10535
Tamburaka, S., Mirosea, N., & Hendriawan. (2021). Analysis of Sharia Compliance in the Implementation of Hajj Saving Product. International Journal of Religious and Cultural Studies, 3(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.34199/ijracs.2021.04.04
Wahyudi, I., & Sani, G. A. (2014). Interdependence between Islamic capital market and money market: Evidence from Indonesia. Borsa Istanbul Review, 14(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2013.11.001
Wu, F., Chen, J., Pan, F., Gallent, N., & Zhang, F. (2020). Assetization: The Chinese Path to Housing Financialization. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(5), 1483–1499. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2020.1715195
Yahya, S., & Goh, W. (2002). Managing human resources toward achieving knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(5), 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270210450414
Yukl, G. A., & Becker, W. S. (2006). Effective Empowerment in Organizations. Organization Management Journal, 3(3), 210–231. https://doi.org/10.1057/omj.2006.20
Yusuf, M., & Iswandi, I. (2021). Journal of Islamic Law. 5(1), 57–74.
Zulverdi, D., Gunadi, I., & Pramono, B. (2007). Bank portfolio model and monetary policy in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Economics, 18(1), 158–174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2006.12.006
Alam, K., Rahman, S. A., Mustafa, H., Shah, S. M., & Hossain, S. (2019). Shariah governance framework of Islamic banks in Bangladesh: Practices, problems and recommendations. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 9(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.91.118.132
Alam, N., Gupta, L., & Shanmugam, B. (2017a). Islamic finance: A practical perspective. Springer.
Alam, N., Gupta, L., & Shanmugam, B. (2017b). The Religious Foundations of Islamic Banking BT - Islamic Finance: A Practical Perspective (N. Alam, L. Gupta, & B. Shanmugam (eds.); pp. 17–34). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66559-7_2
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