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Copyright (c) 2025 Dirwan Dirwan, Fitriani Latief (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Brand Trust Saturation and Image-Driven Loyalty: Evidence from Consumer Satisfaction Pathways
Corresponding Author(s) : Dirwan Dirwan
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of brand image and brand trust on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as a mediating mechanism among soft drink consumers. The study contributes by uncovering a saturation effect in brand trust, where trust functions as a baseline condition with limited incremental impact on loyalty, while brand image drives loyalty through both direct and satisfaction-mediated pathways. Using a quantitative design, data from 197 consumers were analyzed using PLS-SEM to test direct and indirect relationships. The findings show that brand image significantly influences customer satisfaction and loyalty, with satisfaction partially mediating this relationship. In contrast, brand trust positively affects satisfaction but does not significantly influence loyalty, either directly or indirectly. These results highlight asymmetric roles of brand constructs, suggesting that strengthening brand image remains critical for loyalty formation, while trust serves as a foundational but non-differentiating factor in mature markets.
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- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Aljarah, A., Habes, M., & Farah, E. (2020). The effect of security, trust, and privacy on consumer behavior in digital platforms. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 4(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2020.5.002
- Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
- Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255
- Chen, C.-T. (2024). Atmospherics fosters customer loyalty: Exploring the mediating effects of memorable customer experience and customer satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 80, 103936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103936
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Ismagilova, E., Hughes, D. L., Carlson, J., Filieri, R., Jacobson, J., Jain, V., Karjaluoto, H., Kefi, H., Krishen, A. S., Kumar, V., Rahman, M. M., Raman, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Rowley, J., Salo, J., Tran, G. A., & Wang, Y. (2021). Setting the future of digital and social media marketing research. International Journal of Information Management, 59, 102168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102168
- Fayyaz, M. S., Ting, D. H., Gulzari, A., & Khan, M. A. (2025). Integrating digital influencer persuasion model and theory of planned behavior: A new perspective on customer buying behavior. Journal of Business Research, 190, 115192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115192
- Foroudi, P., Palazzo, M., & Sultana, A. (2024). Linking brand experience, brand image, and consumer responses. Journal of Business Research, 176, 114525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114525
- Francioni, B., De Cicco, R., Curina, I., & Cioppi, M. (2025). The strength of stance: The impact of brand activism on resistance to negative information, purchasing, and premium paying intents across different types of failures. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 82, 104102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104102
- Gao, F., & Shen, Z. (2024). Sensory brand experience and brand loyalty: Mediators and gender differences. Acta Psychologica, 244, 104191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104191
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
- Hsu, C.-L., & Lin, J. C.-C. (2023). Understanding the user satisfaction and loyalty of customer service chatbots. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71, 103211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103211
- Iglesias, O., Markovic, S., & Rialp, J. (2023). How does sensory brand experience influence brand equity? Journal of Business Research, 155, 113418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113418
- Keiningham, T. L., Aksoy, L., Bruce, H. L., Cadet, F., Clennell, N., Hodgkinson, I. R., & Kearney, T. (2020). Customer experience driven business model innovation. Journal of Business Research, 116, 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.003
- Keller, K. L. (2023). Reflections on customer-based brand equity. AMS Review, 13(1–2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-022-00231-8
- Kim, S., & He, H. (2025). The impact of brand activism on consumer behaviors: Examining the contrasting roles of admiration and anger. Journal of Business Research, 201, 115704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115704
- Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
- Madani, F., Seenivasan, S., & Ma, J. (2021). Determinants of store patronage: The roles of political ideology, consumer and market characteristics. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102691
- Monfort, A., López-Vázquez, B., & Sebastián-Morillas, A. (2025). Building trust in sustainable brands: Revisiting perceived value, satisfaction, customer service, and brand image. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4, 100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2025.100105
- Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315700892
- Rather, R. A., & Camilleri, M. A. (2019). The effects of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.018
- Rather, R. A., Hollebeek, L. D., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). First-time versus repeat tourism customer engagement. Journal of Travel Research, 61(2), 318–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997569
- Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of Market Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2
- Tahir, A. H., Adnan, M., & Saeed, Z. (2024). The impact of brand image on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 10(16), e36254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36254
- Troiville, J. (2024). Connecting the dots between brand equity and brand loyalty for retailers: The mediating roles of brand attitudes and word-of-mouth communication. Journal of Business Research, 177, 114650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114650
- Uzir, M. U. H., Al Halbusi, H., Thurasamy, R., Hock, R. L. T., Aljaberi, M. A., Hasan, N., & Hamid, M. (2021). The effects of service quality, perceived value and trust in home delivery service personnel on customer satisfaction: Evidence from a developing country. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102721
- Villagra, N., Monfort, A., & Sánchez Herrera, J. (2021). The mediating role of brand trust in the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(5), 1153–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1922
- Xu, J. B., Prayag, G., & Song, H. (2022). The effects of consumer brand authenticity, brand image, and age on brand loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 107, 103340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103340
- Zhang, Q., Ariffin, S. K., Richardson, C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Influencing factors of customer loyalty in mobile payment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 73, 103302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103302
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Aljarah, A., Habes, M., & Farah, E. (2020). The effect of security, trust, and privacy on consumer behavior in digital platforms. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 4(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2020.5.002
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255
Chen, C.-T. (2024). Atmospherics fosters customer loyalty: Exploring the mediating effects of memorable customer experience and customer satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 80, 103936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103936
Dwivedi, Y. K., Ismagilova, E., Hughes, D. L., Carlson, J., Filieri, R., Jacobson, J., Jain, V., Karjaluoto, H., Kefi, H., Krishen, A. S., Kumar, V., Rahman, M. M., Raman, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Rowley, J., Salo, J., Tran, G. A., & Wang, Y. (2021). Setting the future of digital and social media marketing research. International Journal of Information Management, 59, 102168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102168
Fayyaz, M. S., Ting, D. H., Gulzari, A., & Khan, M. A. (2025). Integrating digital influencer persuasion model and theory of planned behavior: A new perspective on customer buying behavior. Journal of Business Research, 190, 115192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115192
Foroudi, P., Palazzo, M., & Sultana, A. (2024). Linking brand experience, brand image, and consumer responses. Journal of Business Research, 176, 114525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114525
Francioni, B., De Cicco, R., Curina, I., & Cioppi, M. (2025). The strength of stance: The impact of brand activism on resistance to negative information, purchasing, and premium paying intents across different types of failures. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 82, 104102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104102
Gao, F., & Shen, Z. (2024). Sensory brand experience and brand loyalty: Mediators and gender differences. Acta Psychologica, 244, 104191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104191
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hsu, C.-L., & Lin, J. C.-C. (2023). Understanding the user satisfaction and loyalty of customer service chatbots. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71, 103211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103211
Iglesias, O., Markovic, S., & Rialp, J. (2023). How does sensory brand experience influence brand equity? Journal of Business Research, 155, 113418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113418
Keiningham, T. L., Aksoy, L., Bruce, H. L., Cadet, F., Clennell, N., Hodgkinson, I. R., & Kearney, T. (2020). Customer experience driven business model innovation. Journal of Business Research, 116, 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.003
Keller, K. L. (2023). Reflections on customer-based brand equity. AMS Review, 13(1–2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-022-00231-8
Kim, S., & He, H. (2025). The impact of brand activism on consumer behaviors: Examining the contrasting roles of admiration and anger. Journal of Business Research, 201, 115704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115704
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Madani, F., Seenivasan, S., & Ma, J. (2021). Determinants of store patronage: The roles of political ideology, consumer and market characteristics. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102691
Monfort, A., López-Vázquez, B., & Sebastián-Morillas, A. (2025). Building trust in sustainable brands: Revisiting perceived value, satisfaction, customer service, and brand image. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4, 100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2025.100105
Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315700892
Rather, R. A., & Camilleri, M. A. (2019). The effects of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.018
Rather, R. A., Hollebeek, L. D., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). First-time versus repeat tourism customer engagement. Journal of Travel Research, 61(2), 318–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287521997569
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of Market Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2
Tahir, A. H., Adnan, M., & Saeed, Z. (2024). The impact of brand image on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 10(16), e36254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36254
Troiville, J. (2024). Connecting the dots between brand equity and brand loyalty for retailers: The mediating roles of brand attitudes and word-of-mouth communication. Journal of Business Research, 177, 114650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114650
Uzir, M. U. H., Al Halbusi, H., Thurasamy, R., Hock, R. L. T., Aljaberi, M. A., Hasan, N., & Hamid, M. (2021). The effects of service quality, perceived value and trust in home delivery service personnel on customer satisfaction: Evidence from a developing country. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102721
Villagra, N., Monfort, A., & Sánchez Herrera, J. (2021). The mediating role of brand trust in the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(5), 1153–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1922
Xu, J. B., Prayag, G., & Song, H. (2022). The effects of consumer brand authenticity, brand image, and age on brand loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 107, 103340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103340
Zhang, Q., Ariffin, S. K., Richardson, C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Influencing factors of customer loyalty in mobile payment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 73, 103302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103302