KAIDAH TAKLĪF BIMĀ LĀ YUTĀQ (PEMBEBANAN SYARIAT TERHADAP SESUATU YANG TIDAK MAMPU DIKERJAKAN) DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM PENGUATAN KONSEP MASLAHAT DALAM HUKUM ISLAM

Abstract

This study examines the principle of taklīf bimā lā yutāq as a fundamental maxim in Islamic legal theory, which asserts that the Sharīʿah does not impose obligations beyond human capacity. Grounded in theological foundations such as Qur’an 2:286 and supported by the views of both classical and contemporary scholars, this research analyzes the position of the maxim within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, particularly in its function to promote benefit (jalb al-maṣlaḥah) and prevent harm (darʾ al-mafsadah). Employing a qualitative–descriptive approach through extensive literature analysis, this study elucidates the relationship between human capability, the principle of legal ease (taysīr), and the adaptive nature of Islamic law. The findings demonstrate that the concept of maṣlaḥah extends beyond ritual acts of worship (ʿibādah mahdhah) to encompass social, moral, and academic necessities as integral dimensions of a Muslim’s life. The study also affirms that the Sharīʿah provides mechanisms of legal concession (takhfīf and rukhsah) to prevent obligations that may amount to lā yutāq, as illustrated in the dispensations for travelers’ prayer, exemptions from fasting for the sick, and the permissibility of tayammum when water cannot be used.