Date Log
Submitted
21 August 2023
Accepted
23 November 2023
Published
31 December 2023
Prediction of Green Purchase Intention for Electric Vehicles: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach
Corresponding Author(s) : Nihayatu Aslamatis Solekah
Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi,
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): December
Abstract
The campaign to switch to electric vehicles (EVs) has been reinforced to reduce global air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on expanding the theory of planned behavior by adding external factors (charging facilities and vehicle performance) and individual factors (environmental concerns and knowledge), leading to green purchase behavior for electric vehicles. Data were collected from 239 respondents who use electric vehicles in East Java, Indonesia, and analyzed using Smart PLS. The results showed that Attitude, Subjective Norm, Knowledge, and Vehicle Performance affected Green purchase intention for Electric Vehicles (GPIEV). However, environmental concerns and Perceived behavioral control and Charging Facilities did not affect GPIEV. The results imply that attitudes in the form of perceptions about particular behaviors directly contribute to their interest in purchasing electric vehicles.
Keywords
Environmental Concern
Vehicle Performance
Charging facilities
Knowledge
Green Purchase Intention to Electric Vehicle
Solekah, N. A., Ratnasari, K., & Hirmawan, A. P. (2023). Prediction of Green Purchase Intention for Electric Vehicles: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach. Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide Dan Inspirasi, 10(2), 297–320. https://doi.org/10.24252/minds.v10i2.40772
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References
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Adhikari, M., Ghimire, L. P., Kim, Y., Aryal, P., & Khadka, B. S. (2020). Identification and Analysis of Barriers against Electric Vehicle Use. Sustainability MDPI, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124850
Afroz, R., Rahman, A., & Duasa, J. B. (2015). How Individual Values and Attitude Influence Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles—Some Insights from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sage Journals, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425315589160
Aguilar-Luzon, M. C., Valdivieso, P. A. C., Carmona, B., & Calvo-Salguero, A. (2020). Values, Environmental Beliefs, and Connection with Nature as Predictive Factors of the Pro-environmental Vote in Spain. Original Research Article, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01043
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, Personality and Behavior.
Asensio, O. I., Lawson, M. C., & Z, A. C. (2021). Electric vehicle charging stations in the workplace with high-resolution data from casual and habitual users. Scientific Data, 8, 168. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00956-1
Barbarossa, C., Beckman, S. C., Pelsmacker, P. De, Moons, I., & Gwozdz, W. (2015). Aself identity based model of electric car adoption intention: A cross-cultural comparative study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 149–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.04.001
Bockarjova, M., & Steg, L. (2014). Can Protection Motivation Theory predict pro environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. Global Environmental Change, 28, 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.010
Botetzagias, I., Dima, A.-F., & Malesios, C. (2015). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of recycling: The role of moral norms and of demographic predictors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.12.004
Chan, R. Y. K. (2017). Determinants of Chinese consumers’ green purchase behavior. Psychology & Marketing, 18(4), 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.1013
Chekima, B., Wafa, S. A. W. S. K., Igau, O. A., Chekima, S., & Jr, S. L. S. (2016). Examining green consumerism motivational drivers: Does premium price and demographics matter to green purchasing? Journal of Cleaner Production, 112(4), 3436–3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2015.09.102
Chen, M.-F., & Tung, P.-J. (2009). The Moderating Effect of Perceived Lack of Facilities on Consumers’ Recycling Intentions. Sage Journals, 42(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509352833
Chen, Y.-C., & Chang, C.-H. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions: The roles of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust. Manag. Decis, 50(3), 502–520. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211216250
Chiou, J.-S. (1998). The Effects of Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: The Moderating Effects of Product Knowledge and Attention to Social Comparison Information. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC, 9(2), 298–308. http://doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.10.202010.25
Dananjaya, D., & Ferdian, A. (2022). Segini Jumlah Kendaraan Listrik di Indonesia per Juli 2022. Kompas.Com. https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2022/08/01/144100915/segini-jumlah-kendaraan-listrik-di-indonesia-per-juli-2022
Degirmenci, K., & Breitner, M. H. (2017). Consumer purchase intentions for electric vehicles: Is green more important than price and range? Transportation Research Part D: Policy and Practice, 51, 250260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.01.001
Dutta, B., & Hwang, H.-G. (2021). Consumers Purchase Intentions of Green Electric Vehicles: The Influence of Consumers Technological and Environmental Considerations. Sustainability MDPI, 13(21). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112025
Egbue, O., & Long, S. (2012). Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy, 48, 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.009
Felix, R., Hinsch, C., Rauschnabel, P. A., & Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2018). Religiousness and environmental concern: A multilevel and multi-country analysis of the role of life satisfaction and indulgence. Journal of Business Research, 91, 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.017
GAIKINDO. (2022). Indonesian Automobile Industry Data. https://www.gaikindo.or.id/indonesian automobile-industry-data/
Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi Multivariate dengan Program SPSS, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling Metode Alternatif Dengan Partial Least Squares (PLS).
Groot, J. De, & Steg, L. (2007). General beliefs and theory of planned behavior: The role of environmental concerns in the TPB. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00239.x
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. (2011). Moltivatiate Data Analysis.
Han, H., & Yoon, H. (2015). Customer retention in the ecofriendly hotel sector: Examining diverse processes of post purchase decision making. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(7), 1095–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1044535
Hartmann, P., Eisend, M., Apaalaza, V., & D’Souza, C. (2017). Warm glow vs. altruistic values: How important is intrinsic emotional reward in pro-environmental behavior? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 52, 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.05.006
Hassan, S. H. (2014). The role of Islamic values on green purchase intention. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 5(3), 379–395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2013-0080
Hoen, A., & Koetse, M. J. (2014). A choice experiment on alternative fuel vehicle preferences of private car owners in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.01.008
Indirani, I. A. D., Rahayu, M., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2019). The Influence of Environmental Knowledge on Green Purchase Intention the Role of Attitude as Mediating Variable. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(2), 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.706
Jiang, Q., Wei, W., Guan, X., & Yang, D. (2021). What Increases Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Battery Electric Vehicles from Chinese Electric Vehicle Start-Ups? Taking NIO as an Example. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020071
Joreskog, K. G. (1971). Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations. Psychometrika. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291366
Lai, I. K. ., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, W. (2015). Factors Influencing the Behavioural Intention towards Full Electric Vehicles: An Empirical Study in Macau. Sustainability MDPI, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912564
Li, W., Long, R., Chen, H., & Geng, J. (2017). A review of factors influencing consumer intentions to adopt battery electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 318–328.
Lizin, S., Dael, M. Van, & Passel, S. Van. (2017). Battery pack recycling: Behaviour change interventions derived from an integrative theory of planned behaviour study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 122, 66–82.
Ma, J., Hipel, K. W., Hanson, M. L., Cai, X., & Liu, Y. (2018). An analysis of influencing factors on municipal solid waste source-separated collection behavior in Guilin, China by Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainable Cities and Society, 37, 336–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.11.037
Ma, Y., Ke, R.-Y., Han, R., & Tang, B.-J. (2017). The analysis of the battery electric vehicle’s potentiality of environmental effect: A case study of Beijing from 2016 to 2020. Journal of Cleaner Production, 145, 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.131
Masur, P. K., DiFranza, D., & Bazarova, N. N. (2021). Behavioral contagion on social media: Effects of social norms, design interventions, and critical media literacy on self-disclosure. PLoS ONE, 16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254670
Papaoikonomou, K., Latinopoulos, D., Emmanouil, C., & Kungolos, A. (2020). A Survey on Factors Influencing Recycling Behavior for Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Municipality of Volos, Greece. Environmental Processes, 7, 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-019-00399-2
Rezvani, Z., Jansson, J., & Bodin, J. (2015). Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda. Transportation Research Part D: Policy and Practice, 34, 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Shi, X., Wang, X., Yang, J., & Sun, Z. (2016). Electric vehicle transformation in Beijing and the comparative eco-environmental impacts: A case study of electric and gasoline powered taxis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.096
Solekah, N. A., Handriana, T., & Usman, I. (2022). Millennials’ deals with plastic: the effect of natural environmental orientation, environmental knowledge, and environmental concern on willingness to reduce plastic waste. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.7.2.115 -133
Sovacool, B. K., Abrahamse, W., Zhang, L., & Ren, J. (2019). Pleasure or profit? Surveying the purchasing intentions of potential electric vehicle adopters in China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 124, 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.03.002
Sovacool, B. K., Kester, J., Noel, L., & Rubens, G. Z. de. (2018). The demographics of decarbonizing transport: the influence of gender, education, occupation, age, and household size on electric mobility preferences in the Nordic region. Global Environmental Change, 52, 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.06.008
Sperling, D., & DeLuchi, M. A. (1989). Transportation Energy Futures. In Annual Review of Energy, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.14.110189.002111
Srivastava, V., & Thakur, R. R. (2021). Do Consumers Beliefs, Knowledge, And Awarenes Play an Important Role in Willingness to Adopt Pro-Environmental Behaviour? Journal of Emerging Technologies and Business Management, 10(1). https://jetbm.imtnagpur.ac.in/journal/vol10/iss1/2
Stern, P. C. (2000). New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Vincente-Molina, M. A., Fernandez-Sainz, A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2013). Environmental knowledge and other variables affecting pro-environmental behaviour: comparison of university students from emerging and advanced countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.015
Wang, N., & Yan, R. (2016). Research on consumers’ use willingness and opinions of electric vehicle sharing: An empirical study in shanghai. Sustainability MDPI, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010007
Yurdakul, M., & Kazan, H. (2020). Effects of Eco-Innovation on Economic and Environmental Performance: Evidence from Turkey’s Manufacturing Companies. Sustainability MDPI, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083167
Zhang, Xiang, Bai, X., & Shang, J. (2018). Is subsidized electric vehicles adoption sustainable: Consumers’ perceptions and motivation toward incentive policies, environmental benefits, and risks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.252
Zhang, Xiaoyun, & Dong, F. (2020). Why Do Consumers Make Green Purchase Decisions? Insights from a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 17(18), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186607
References
Adhikari, M., Ghimire, L. P., Kim, Y., Aryal, P., & Khadka, B. S. (2020). Identification and Analysis of Barriers against Electric Vehicle Use. Sustainability MDPI, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124850
Afroz, R., Rahman, A., & Duasa, J. B. (2015). How Individual Values and Attitude Influence Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles—Some Insights from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sage Journals, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425315589160
Aguilar-Luzon, M. C., Valdivieso, P. A. C., Carmona, B., & Calvo-Salguero, A. (2020). Values, Environmental Beliefs, and Connection with Nature as Predictive Factors of the Pro-environmental Vote in Spain. Original Research Article, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01043
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, Personality and Behavior.
Asensio, O. I., Lawson, M. C., & Z, A. C. (2021). Electric vehicle charging stations in the workplace with high-resolution data from casual and habitual users. Scientific Data, 8, 168. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00956-1
Barbarossa, C., Beckman, S. C., Pelsmacker, P. De, Moons, I., & Gwozdz, W. (2015). Aself identity based model of electric car adoption intention: A cross-cultural comparative study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 149–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.04.001
Bockarjova, M., & Steg, L. (2014). Can Protection Motivation Theory predict pro environmental behavior? Explaining the adoption of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. Global Environmental Change, 28, 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.010
Botetzagias, I., Dima, A.-F., & Malesios, C. (2015). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of recycling: The role of moral norms and of demographic predictors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.12.004
Chan, R. Y. K. (2017). Determinants of Chinese consumers’ green purchase behavior. Psychology & Marketing, 18(4), 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.1013
Chekima, B., Wafa, S. A. W. S. K., Igau, O. A., Chekima, S., & Jr, S. L. S. (2016). Examining green consumerism motivational drivers: Does premium price and demographics matter to green purchasing? Journal of Cleaner Production, 112(4), 3436–3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2015.09.102
Chen, M.-F., & Tung, P.-J. (2009). The Moderating Effect of Perceived Lack of Facilities on Consumers’ Recycling Intentions. Sage Journals, 42(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509352833
Chen, Y.-C., & Chang, C.-H. (2012). Enhance green purchase intentions: The roles of green perceived value, green perceived risk, and green trust. Manag. Decis, 50(3), 502–520. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211216250
Chiou, J.-S. (1998). The Effects of Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: The Moderating Effects of Product Knowledge and Attention to Social Comparison Information. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC, 9(2), 298–308. http://doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.10.202010.25
Dananjaya, D., & Ferdian, A. (2022). Segini Jumlah Kendaraan Listrik di Indonesia per Juli 2022. Kompas.Com. https://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2022/08/01/144100915/segini-jumlah-kendaraan-listrik-di-indonesia-per-juli-2022
Degirmenci, K., & Breitner, M. H. (2017). Consumer purchase intentions for electric vehicles: Is green more important than price and range? Transportation Research Part D: Policy and Practice, 51, 250260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.01.001
Dutta, B., & Hwang, H.-G. (2021). Consumers Purchase Intentions of Green Electric Vehicles: The Influence of Consumers Technological and Environmental Considerations. Sustainability MDPI, 13(21). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112025
Egbue, O., & Long, S. (2012). Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy, 48, 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.009
Felix, R., Hinsch, C., Rauschnabel, P. A., & Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2018). Religiousness and environmental concern: A multilevel and multi-country analysis of the role of life satisfaction and indulgence. Journal of Business Research, 91, 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.017
GAIKINDO. (2022). Indonesian Automobile Industry Data. https://www.gaikindo.or.id/indonesian automobile-industry-data/
Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi Multivariate dengan Program SPSS, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling Metode Alternatif Dengan Partial Least Squares (PLS).
Groot, J. De, & Steg, L. (2007). General beliefs and theory of planned behavior: The role of environmental concerns in the TPB. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00239.x
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. (2011). Moltivatiate Data Analysis.
Han, H., & Yoon, H. (2015). Customer retention in the ecofriendly hotel sector: Examining diverse processes of post purchase decision making. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(7), 1095–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1044535
Hartmann, P., Eisend, M., Apaalaza, V., & D’Souza, C. (2017). Warm glow vs. altruistic values: How important is intrinsic emotional reward in pro-environmental behavior? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 52, 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.05.006
Hassan, S. H. (2014). The role of Islamic values on green purchase intention. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 5(3), 379–395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2013-0080
Hoen, A., & Koetse, M. J. (2014). A choice experiment on alternative fuel vehicle preferences of private car owners in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.01.008
Indirani, I. A. D., Rahayu, M., & Hadiwidjojo, D. (2019). The Influence of Environmental Knowledge on Green Purchase Intention the Role of Attitude as Mediating Variable. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(2), 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.706
Jiang, Q., Wei, W., Guan, X., & Yang, D. (2021). What Increases Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Battery Electric Vehicles from Chinese Electric Vehicle Start-Ups? Taking NIO as an Example. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020071
Joreskog, K. G. (1971). Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations. Psychometrika. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291366
Lai, I. K. ., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, W. (2015). Factors Influencing the Behavioural Intention towards Full Electric Vehicles: An Empirical Study in Macau. Sustainability MDPI, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912564
Li, W., Long, R., Chen, H., & Geng, J. (2017). A review of factors influencing consumer intentions to adopt battery electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 318–328.
Lizin, S., Dael, M. Van, & Passel, S. Van. (2017). Battery pack recycling: Behaviour change interventions derived from an integrative theory of planned behaviour study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 122, 66–82.
Ma, J., Hipel, K. W., Hanson, M. L., Cai, X., & Liu, Y. (2018). An analysis of influencing factors on municipal solid waste source-separated collection behavior in Guilin, China by Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainable Cities and Society, 37, 336–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.11.037
Ma, Y., Ke, R.-Y., Han, R., & Tang, B.-J. (2017). The analysis of the battery electric vehicle’s potentiality of environmental effect: A case study of Beijing from 2016 to 2020. Journal of Cleaner Production, 145, 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.131
Masur, P. K., DiFranza, D., & Bazarova, N. N. (2021). Behavioral contagion on social media: Effects of social norms, design interventions, and critical media literacy on self-disclosure. PLoS ONE, 16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254670
Papaoikonomou, K., Latinopoulos, D., Emmanouil, C., & Kungolos, A. (2020). A Survey on Factors Influencing Recycling Behavior for Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Municipality of Volos, Greece. Environmental Processes, 7, 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-019-00399-2
Rezvani, Z., Jansson, J., & Bodin, J. (2015). Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research agenda. Transportation Research Part D: Policy and Practice, 34, 122–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Shi, X., Wang, X., Yang, J., & Sun, Z. (2016). Electric vehicle transformation in Beijing and the comparative eco-environmental impacts: A case study of electric and gasoline powered taxis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.096
Solekah, N. A., Handriana, T., & Usman, I. (2022). Millennials’ deals with plastic: the effect of natural environmental orientation, environmental knowledge, and environmental concern on willingness to reduce plastic waste. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.7.2.115 -133
Sovacool, B. K., Abrahamse, W., Zhang, L., & Ren, J. (2019). Pleasure or profit? Surveying the purchasing intentions of potential electric vehicle adopters in China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 124, 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.03.002
Sovacool, B. K., Kester, J., Noel, L., & Rubens, G. Z. de. (2018). The demographics of decarbonizing transport: the influence of gender, education, occupation, age, and household size on electric mobility preferences in the Nordic region. Global Environmental Change, 52, 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.06.008
Sperling, D., & DeLuchi, M. A. (1989). Transportation Energy Futures. In Annual Review of Energy, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.eg.14.110189.002111
Srivastava, V., & Thakur, R. R. (2021). Do Consumers Beliefs, Knowledge, And Awarenes Play an Important Role in Willingness to Adopt Pro-Environmental Behaviour? Journal of Emerging Technologies and Business Management, 10(1). https://jetbm.imtnagpur.ac.in/journal/vol10/iss1/2
Stern, P. C. (2000). New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Vincente-Molina, M. A., Fernandez-Sainz, A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2013). Environmental knowledge and other variables affecting pro-environmental behaviour: comparison of university students from emerging and advanced countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.015
Wang, N., & Yan, R. (2016). Research on consumers’ use willingness and opinions of electric vehicle sharing: An empirical study in shanghai. Sustainability MDPI, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010007
Yurdakul, M., & Kazan, H. (2020). Effects of Eco-Innovation on Economic and Environmental Performance: Evidence from Turkey’s Manufacturing Companies. Sustainability MDPI, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083167
Zhang, Xiang, Bai, X., & Shang, J. (2018). Is subsidized electric vehicles adoption sustainable: Consumers’ perceptions and motivation toward incentive policies, environmental benefits, and risks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.252
Zhang, Xiaoyun, & Dong, F. (2020). Why Do Consumers Make Green Purchase Decisions? Insights from a Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 17(18), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186607
Afroz, R., Rahman, A., & Duasa, J. B. (2015). How Individual Values and Attitude Influence Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicles—Some Insights from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sage Journals, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425315589160
Aguilar-Luzon, M. C., Valdivieso, P. A. C., Carmona, B., & Calvo-Salguero, A. (2020). Values, Environmental Beliefs, and Connection with Nature as Predictive Factors of the Pro-environmental Vote in Spain. Original Research Article, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01043
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, Personality and Behavior.
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