Correction and Retraction

1. Commitment to the Integrity of the Scholarly Record

Jurnal MSA (Matematika dan Statistika serta Aplikasinya) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, credibility, and integrity of all published scientific articles.

Jurnal MSA recognizes that errors, inaccuracies, or research integrity concerns may be identified after publication, even when manuscripts have undergone editorial evaluation and peer review.

To ensure the reliability of the scholarly record, Jurnal MSA implements procedures for corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions based on the nature, severity, and impact of identified issues.

This policy follows the ethical principles and guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), including its Retraction Guidelines, as well as relevant recommendations from Crossref concerning the management of publication updates.

Corrections and retractions are intended to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly literature rather than merely to penalize authors.

2. Objectives of the Policy

The Correction and Retraction Policy aims to:

1. Ensure the accuracy and reliability of published scientific information.

2. Establish procedures for addressing errors and research integrity concerns after publication.

3. Define clear criteria for corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions.

4. Protect readers and the academic community from relying on research findings that have been demonstrated to be unreliable.

5. Promote transparency and accountability in editorial decision-making.

6. Maintain a traceable and trustworthy scholarly publication record.

7. Encourage authors to report significant errors identified after publication.

3. Types of Post-Publication Editorial Actions

Jurnal MSA recognizes several forms of editorial action concerning published articles.

3.1. Correction

A correction is an editorial action intended to amend errors in a published article when those errors do not fundamentally undermine the reliability of its principal findings or conclusions.

Corrections may address:

1. Errors in mathematical equations or notation.

2. Numerical calculation or computational inaccuracies.

3. Incorrect reporting of statistical estimates, uncertainty measures, or hypothesis testing results.

4. Errors in tables, graphs, or figures.

5. Inaccuracies in methodological descriptions or analytical procedures.

6. Errors in authorship information, institutional affiliations, or contributor acknowledgments.

7. Significant errors in references or bibliographic information.

8. Other correctable errors that do not compromise the overall validity of the article.

Corrections are published through formal notices explaining the affected sections and the changes made.

3.2. Corrigendum

A corrigendum is a formal notice addressing errors introduced by the authors and identified after publication.

Such errors may involve mathematical calculations, equations, analytical results, statistical interpretations, or other scientific information.

A corrigendum may be issued when the identified errors can be corrected without substantially compromising the reliability of the research findings.

3.3. Erratum

An erratum is a formal correction notice addressing errors introduced during the editorial, typesetting, production, or publication process.

These errors may include incorrect mathematical formatting, misplaced tables or figures, metadata inaccuracies, or unintended alterations to the final approved manuscript.

An erratum ensures that the published article accurately represents the intended scientific information.

3.4. Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when serious and credible questions arise regarding the reliability or integrity of a published article but the concerns have not yet been conclusively resolved.

An Expression of Concern may be appropriate when:

1. Credible evidence suggests possible research misconduct.

2. Investigations into suspected data fabrication or falsification are ongoing.

3. Serious questions exist regarding the validity of research findings.

4. Available evidence is insufficient to determine whether correction or retraction is warranted.

5. An institutional investigation has not yet reached a conclusion.

An Expression of Concern does not automatically establish that the authors have committed research misconduct.

Its purpose is to inform readers that significant unresolved concerns exist regarding the article.

3.5. Retraction

A retraction is a formal editorial action indicating that a published article should no longer be regarded as a reliable contribution to the scholarly literature because serious problems have compromised its validity or integrity.

An article may be retracted when sufficient evidence demonstrates:

1. Fabrication or falsification of research data.

2. Substantial plagiarism.

3. Serious errors in mathematical proofs that invalidate the principal findings.

4. Fundamental statistical methodological errors that undermine the reliability of the conclusions.

5. Manipulation of research data, computational results, or analytical procedures.

6. Duplicate or redundant publication that violates publication ethics.

7. Manipulation of the peer review process.

8. Serious violations of research or publication ethics.

9. Legal or ethical circumstances that materially require retraction.

Retraction may be appropriate for both deliberate misconduct and unintentional errors when the principal findings are demonstrated to be unreliable.

Retraction decisions are based primarily on the reliability and integrity of the published work rather than solely on determining individual responsibility or misconduct.

4. Reporting Errors and Requesting Corrections

Jurnal MSA accepts reports concerning errors, inaccuracies, or research integrity issues in published articles.

Reports may be submitted by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, researchers, or academic institutions through the journal's official communication channels.

Reports should include:

1. The article title and author information.

2. Volume, issue, publication year, and DOI or article URL.

3. A clear description of the identified error or concern.

4. Identification of the relevant sections requiring examination.

5. Supporting evidence, including mathematical arguments, statistical analyses, computational results, research data, or relevant references.

6. Proposed corrections or recommended actions, where applicable.

Authors who discover significant errors in their published articles must promptly notify the Editor-in-Chief and cooperate in the examination and correction process.

Anonymous reports may be considered when supported by sufficiently specific and verifiable evidence.

5. Preliminary Editorial Assessment

Every report concerning errors or research integrity issues will undergo an initial assessment by the Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor.

The preliminary assessment aims to:

1. Verify the identity and publication status of the article.

2. Identify the nature of the reported error or suspected misconduct.

3. Examine the relevance and adequacy of the supporting evidence.

4. Assess the potential impact on the research findings and conclusions.

5. Determine whether correction, clarification, investigation, or another editorial action is necessary.

If the available evidence is insufficient, the editor may request additional information before determining the appropriate course of action.

For complex mathematical, statistical, or computational issues, the editor may seek independent expert evaluation.

6. Editorial Decision-Making Process

Jurnal MSA follows a systematic, objective, transparent, and evidence-based procedure for determining appropriate post-publication editorial actions.

The procedure consists of the following stages:

Stage 1 — Identification of the Issue

The editorial team receives a report or identifies an error or suspected ethical violation in a published article.

Stage 2 — Preliminary Assessment

The editor evaluates the available evidence and determines the nature and seriousness of the issue.

Stage 3 — Author Clarification

The corresponding author is informed of the identified concern and given a reasonable opportunity to provide explanations and supporting evidence.

Stage 4 — Scientific Evaluation

When necessary, independent experts may be consulted to assess mathematical proofs, statistical methods, research data, or computational findings.

Stage 5 — Editorial Recommendation

Based on the assessment, the editor may recommend one of the following actions:

1. No Action Required: When the reported concern is not substantiated or does not require formal editorial action.

2. Correction: When a confirmed error can be corrected without fundamentally undermining the reliability of the article.

3. Expression of Concern: When serious and credible concerns remain unresolved and readers should be informed of uncertainty regarding the article's integrity.

4. Retraction: When sufficient evidence demonstrates that the article is unreliable or that serious ethical violations warrant its retraction.

5. Further Investigation: When the available evidence is insufficient and additional editorial or institutional investigation is required.

Stage 6 — Final Editorial Decision

The Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision based on the available evidence, editorial recommendations, expert assessments, and author responses.

If the Editor-in-Chief has a conflict of interest, decision-making authority will be transferred to an independent editor.

Stage 7 — Publication of the Editorial Notice

When a correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction is approved, Jurnal MSA will publish an official notice and link it to the original article.

Stage 8 — Documentation and Metadata Updates

The entire assessment and decision-making process will be documented. Publication status and article metadata will be updated where appropriate and technically feasible.

7. Procedures for Publishing Corrections

When a published article requires correction, Jurnal MSA will issue a formal correction notice that transparently explains the error and the changes made.

The correction notice should include:

1. The title of the correction notice.

2. Identification of the original article.

3. The names of the original authors.

4. The DOI or URL of the original article.

5. A description of the identified error.

6. The corrected information.

7. An explanation of whether the correction affects the research findings or conclusions.

8. The date of publication of the correction.

Corrections that significantly affect the scientific interpretation of an article must be published as separate notices linked to the original publication.

Where technically feasible, correction notices will be assigned their own DOI, and the relationship between the correction and the original article will be registered in Crossref metadata.

Substantive changes must not be made silently without appropriate documentation allowing readers to identify that the article has been corrected.

8. Retraction Procedures

Retractions will be conducted through fair, objective, and documented editorial procedures.

Before making a retraction decision, the Editor-in-Chief will consider the available evidence, scientific evaluations, author responses, and relevant institutional investigation findings.

When retraction is determined to be necessary, the journal will publish a formal retraction notice containing:

1. A title clearly identifying the document as a retraction notice.

2. Complete identification of the retracted article.

3. A clear and factual explanation of the reasons for retraction.

4. Identification of the party requesting or issuing the retraction, where appropriate and permissible.

5. The publication date of the retraction notice.

6. The DOI or URL of the original article.

7. Sufficient information to clarify the article's retracted status.

Retraction does not require the agreement of all authors when the editorial investigation establishes sufficient grounds for the action.

Authors will be given a reasonable opportunity to respond; however, the final editorial decision remains the responsibility of the journal.

Retraction notices must be openly accessible and permanently linked to the original article.

9. Status and Accessibility of Retracted Articles

Retracted articles will generally not be removed from the archives of Jurnal MSA.

The original articles will remain accessible as part of the permanent scholarly record, with clear identification of their retracted status.

Retracted articles will be managed according to the following principles:

1. The article webpage must clearly display the status RETRACTED.

2. The PDF and other digital versions must carry a visible retraction watermark or equivalent notice.

3. The retraction notice must be linked to the original article.

4. Publication metadata must be updated to reflect the retraction status where supported.

5. Bibliographic information must be preserved to maintain the traceability of the scholarly record.

6. Retraction notices must remain publicly accessible.

Complete removal of an article will only be considered in exceptional circumstances, such as legal requirements, serious privacy violations, or safety risks that cannot be adequately addressed through retraction notices.

When removal is unavoidable, the journal will, where possible, preserve a bibliographic record and an explanation of the removal.

10. Expressions of Concern and Subsequent Actions

An Expression of Concern is issued to inform readers about serious unresolved questions concerning the integrity or reliability of a published article.

The notice should describe the nature of the concerns, the status of the assessment or investigation, and the reasons for informing readers.

After the investigation has been completed, the Editor-in-Chief will determine whether:

1. The concerns have been resolved and no further corrective action is required.

2. A correction should be published.

3. The article should be retracted.

4. Additional editorial action or notification is necessary.

The journal will update the publication record to communicate the outcome while preserving appropriate links to previous notices and ensuring that the history of editorial actions remains traceable.

11. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, validity, and scientific integrity of their published work.

Authors must:

1. Promptly report significant errors discovered after publication.

2. Provide clarification and supporting evidence when requested by the editorial team.

3. Cooperate with investigations and correction procedures.

4. Supply relevant research data, calculations, mathematical proofs, or documentation necessary to verify reported concerns.

5. Avoid concealing errors or improperly influencing the investigation process.

6. Respect editorial decisions reached through fair and evidence-based procedures.

Authors may request correction or retraction of their own articles when serious issues affecting publication reliability are identified.

12. Responsibilities of Editors and the Publisher

The Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board are responsible for protecting the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record maintained by Jurnal MSA.

Editors must ensure that:

1. Reports of errors or suspected misconduct are assessed objectively.

2. Decisions are supported by credible and verifiable scientific evidence.

3. Authors are given a reasonable opportunity to provide clarification.

4. Conflicts of interest are appropriately managed.

5. Corrections and retractions are implemented proportionately.

6. Editorial notices are published clearly and transparently.

7. Publication status and bibliographic information are updated when necessary.

The publisher supports the implementation of editorial decisions, preservation of publication archives, and updating of publication information within its responsibilities and authority.

13. Appeals and Requests for Reconsideration

Authors who disagree with a correction or retraction decision may submit a written appeal to the Editor-in-Chief.

The appeal must include:

1. Identification of the article concerned.

2. The editorial decision being challenged.

3. Academic or procedural grounds for the appeal.

4. New evidence or relevant information not previously considered.

The Editor-in-Chief will assess the appeal objectively and may involve independent editors or experts who were not involved in the original decision.

Submission of an appeal does not automatically suspend editorial actions considered necessary to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

The outcome of the appeal will be communicated through the journal's official communication channels.

14. Documentation, Archiving, and Metadata Updates

Jurnal MSA is committed to ensuring that all corrections and retractions are appropriately documented and traceable.

Editorial records will include the initial report, assessment findings, correspondence with authors, editorial recommendations, final decisions, and published notices.

Corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions that significantly affect the scholarly record will be published as formal notices linked to their corresponding original articles.

Where technically feasible, Jurnal MSA will:

1. Assign separate DOIs to correction or retraction notices.

2. Update article metadata through Crossref.

3. Register relationships between original articles and their associated notices.

4. Clearly display publication status on article pages within Open Journal Systems (OJS).

5. Maintain access to the history of publication changes.

6. Implement publication status update services such as Crossmark if supported by the journal.

All substantial changes affecting scientific interpretation must be identifiable and traceable by readers.

15. Relationship with Other Editorial Policies

The Correction and Retraction Policy forms an integral part of the publication ethics framework of Jurnal MSA.

This policy operates in conjunction with:

1. Plagiarism Policy.

2. Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy.

3. Conflict of Interest Policy.

4. Post-Publication Discussion Policy.

5. Authorship Criteria.

6. Peer Review Policy.

When corrections or retractions involve suspected research misconduct, the journal will follow the appropriate investigation procedures established in its Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy.

16. Policy Statement

Jurnal MSA is committed to maintaining the integrity, accuracy, and reliability of the scholarly record through the fair, transparent, consistent, and evidence-based implementation of correction and retraction procedures.

The journal reserves the right to publish corrections, issue expressions of concern, or retract published articles when significant errors or serious concerns affecting publication integrity and reliability are identified.

All decisions will be guided by editorial independence, scientific accountability, proportionality, and respect for the rights of the parties involved.

Through this policy, Jurnal MSA seeks to protect the interests of readers, researchers, authors, and the academic community while maintaining confidence in scholarly publications in mathematics, statistics, and their applications.